Our group has developed a series of iron-based asymmetric transfer hydrogenation (ATH) catalysts for the reduction of polar double bonds. The activation of the precatalysts as well as the catalytic mechanism have been thoroughly investigated, but the decomposition pathways of these systems are poorly understood. Herein, we report a study of the deactivation pathways for an iron ATH catalyst und...

Fluctuations in population size are in many cases undesirable, as they can induce outbreaks and extinctions or impede the optimal management of populations. We propose the strategy of adaptive threshold harvesting (ATH) to control fluctuations in population size. In this strategy, the population is harvested whenever population size has grown beyond a certain proportion in comparison to the pre...

Structure motifs are amino acid packing patterns that occur frequently within a set of protein structures. We define a labeled graph representation of protein structure in which vertices correspond to amino acid residues and edges connect pairs of residues and are labeled by (1) the Euclidian distance between the C(alpha) atoms of the two residues and (2) a boolean indicating whether the two re...

1. Among the many different star-like motifs used in the geometrical art of Islam, there is one which stands out as distinctively "Islamic" (see fig. 1). We shall call this motif a geometric rosette, since it resembles a flower or rosette, with an outer ring formed by a variable number of "petals" encircling a central star. One possible interpretation of the formal, if not historical, origin of...

The most important reason for the enrichment of decorative arts (especially illumination art) in Islamic societies various periods is prohibition depiction Islam. art illumination, which was mostly used to decorate Qur'an different historical Iran, including Great Seljuk period, influenced by previous and became a source creativity inspiration Muslims sometimes non-Muslim artists other countrie...

Humanity's activities cause the destruction that occurs in world as a caliphate, stated Surah Ar-Rum (30), verse 41 of Quran. One products might harm ecosystem is waste. Various countries, including Indonesian Government, have competed with numerous initiatives and policies to save environmental sustainability. The author this study provided training on how conserve environment by processing tr...

This paper deals with relations of mathematics and fine art with a focus on geometric structures captured as visual art compositions. It aims to show similarities between mathematical and artistic solutions applied in the creation of a piece of work – artistic masterpiece or mathematical assumption. Some ideas are brought about their common underlying principles and motifs together with the con...

Islamic star patterns are a beautiful and highly geometric art form whose original design techniques are lost in history. We describe one procedure for constructing them based on placing radially-symmetric motifs in a formation dictated by a tiling of the plane, and show some styles in which they can be rendered. We also show some results generated with a software implementation of the technique.