A vibrating probe was used to study a steady electric current generated by isolated, whole lumbrical muscles of the rat. Spatial mapping showed that current leaves the muscle in the synaptic region and re-enters in the flanking extrajunctional regions. The point of maximum outward current coincided precisely with the endplate region. As the probe was moved radially away from the endplate region...

BACKGROUND There is currently little information regarding factors associated with specific modes of motion segment failure using a fatigue failure model. METHODS Thirty-six human lumbar motion segments were fatigue tested using spinal compressive and shear loads that simulated lifting a 9 kg weight in three torso flexion angles (0 degrees, 22.5 degrees, and 45 degrees). Twenty-five segments ...

In this paper, we prove some new properties of the sequence of the Bell numbers and present some results in connection with Engel’s conjecture. In addition, using a new approach we state a stronger conjecture.

The deflection of the endplate under clamping force has a vital effect on fuel cell performance. An optimal cross-sectional shape with high moment inertia is significant to maximize bending stiffness stack. Five shapes (rectangular, round, parabolic, rectangular + and parabolic) typical endplates are proposed. analytical study moments introduced analyzed. maximum cross-sections obtained display...

BACKGROUND There is no much information about how tuberculous lesions of the spine progress/heal; what clinical and radiological features suggest progression/healing; what is the optimal duration of antitubercular treatment; and what clinical, laboratory, and radiological investigations and their frequency should be done to monitor the disease course. AIMS The present study aimed to evaluate ...

STUDY DESIGN The changes of endplate chondrocytes induced by intermittent cyclic mechanical tension (ICMT) were observed by realtime reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence, and Western blot analysis. OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of RhoA/ROCK-1 signaling pathway and E-cadherin/P120-catenin complex in endplate chondrocytes degeneration induced by ICMT. SUMMAR...

ABSTRACT Background: Static interbody spacers are standard of care for minimally invasive lateral lumbar fusion (MIS LLIF). However, placement large static typically requires multiple trialing, endplate preparation, and forceful impaction. A expandable spacer with adjustable lordosis can be inserted at a reduced height, to optimize the endplate-to-endplate fit. This study describes radiographic...

INTRODUCTION: Vertebral fractures are often the result of a progressive deformation process. Structural brittleness parameters should be considered relevant for such failure processes. Much of the previous work has been concerned with vertebral stiffness and strength but measures of brittleness such as work to fracture and failure displacement largely remained unexplored. In a previous study ex...