Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG is of general interest as a probiotic. Although L. rhamnosus GG is often used in clinical trials, there are few genetic tools to further determine its mode of action or to develop it as a vehicle for heterologous gene expression in therapy. Therefore, we developed a reproducible, efficient electroporation procedure for L. rhamnosus GG. The best transformation efficien...

Mammals rely on their acute olfactory sense for their survival. The most anterior olfactory subsystem in the nose, the Grueneberg ganglion (GG), plays a role in detecting alarm pheromone, cold, and urinary compounds. GG neurons respond homogeneously to these stimuli with increases in intracellular [Ca(2+)] or transcription of immediate-early genes. In this electrophysiological study, we used pa...

During speech production, the vocal folds may not close completely. The resulting glottal gap (GG) or incomplete glottal closure has not been systematically studied in terms of GG acoustic and/or perceptual consequences. This paper uses high-speed imaging to investigate the relationship between GG area, source parameters, acoustic measures, and voice quality for 6 subjects. Results showed that ...

Human serum immunoglobulins are most frequently measured by single gel diffusion. Radioimmunoassay by use of antibodies bonded to particles is faster and more sensitive, precise, accurate, and specific. We adopted a solid-phase radioimmunoassay (SPRIA) technique, developed in our laboratory, to measure serum. lgG, and compared the results with those of a gel-diffusion method commonly used to me...

In this study, we evaluated the dependence of saturation pulse length on APT imaging of diffuse gliomas using a parallel transmission-based technique. Twenty-two patients with diffuse gliomas (9 low-grade gliomas, LGGs, and 13 high-grade gliomas, HGGs) were included in the study. APT imaging was conducted at 3T with a 2-channel parallel transmission scheme using three different saturation pulse...

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG is a lactic acid bacterium that is widely used as probiotic products in the dairy industry. To gain insights into the genome stability of the L. rhamnosus GG in the human gastrointestinal tract and the possible adaption mechanism under different stresses, we first examined the genotype and phenotype of the L. rhamnosus GG grown over 1000 generations under various stre...

The phenolic compounds of 'Green Gage' (GG) plums ( Prunus domestica L.), "Rainha Claudia Verde", from a 'protected designation of origin' (PDO), in Portugal, were quantified in both flesh and skin tissues of plums collected in two different orchards (GG-V and GG-C). Analyzes of phenolic compounds were also performed on another GG European plum obtained in France (GG-F) and two other French plu...

Gellan gum (GG) has been used to prepare polymeric carriers with prolonged retention on the eye surface for topical ocular drug delivery. In this work, GG was chemically modified short poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEtOx) chains that were expected have minimal adhesion mucosal tissues (mucoadhesion). The choice of synthetic procedure, solvents, and reagents dictated by biocompatibility materials p...

We study the double-gluon hybrid states with quark-gluon contents $\bar q gg$ ($q=u/d$) and s gg$. construct twelve currents various quantum numbers, five of which are found to be zero due some internal symmetries between two gluon fields. use rest seven perform QCD sum rule analyses. Especially, masses exotic number $J^{PC} = 2^{+-}$ calculated $M_{|\bar gg;2^{+-}\rangle} 2.26^{+0.20}_{-0.25}$...