The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) was introduced in 1974 aiming at standardizing assessment of level of consciousness in head injured patients. It has been used mainly in evaluating prognosis, comparing different groups of patients and monitoring the neurological status. However its use expanded beyond the original intention of the scale and certain limitations were identified. The skewness toward t...

Background. Neurological assessment is an essential element of early warning scores used to recognize critically ill patients. We compared the performance of the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) with Full Outline of Unresponsiveness (FOUR) scale as an alternative method in the identification of clinically relevant outcomes in traumatic brain injury. Objective. The purpose of this study was to compare t...

STUDY OBJECTIVE Emergency medical services (EMS) personnel frequently use the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) to assess injured and critically ill patients. This study assesses the accuracy of EMS providers' GCS scoring, as well as the improvement in GCS score assessment with the use of a scoring aid. METHODS This randomized, controlled study was conducted in the emergency department (ED) of an urba...

BACKGROUND Prognostication for survivors of cardiac arrest is a frequent challenge to neurologists. Our aim was to determine whether the FOUR (Full Outline of UnResponsiveness) score is an accurate predictor of outcome in patients after cardiac arrest and to compare its performance to the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). METHODS We prospectively identified patients surviving cardiac arrest from June...

One analysis of the outcome of 159 cases of head injuries was based on patients' admission Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), score, age, CT scan findings and uniform protocol of management. Fifty-three percent of the patients were children below the age of 10 years and 70% of all patients were Saudis. Eighty-point-five percent (80.5%) of the patients had a GCS score of 8 or more and their outcome was f...

Background: The prevalence of patients suffering from hypoxic brain damage is increasing. Long-term outcome data and prognostic factors for either poor or good outcome are lacking. Methods: This retrospective study included 93 patients with hypoxic brain damage undergoing neurological early rehabilitation [length of stay: 108.5 (81.9) days]. Clinical data, validated outcome scales (e.g. Barthel...

background cerebral state index (csi) is derived from electroencephalogram (eeg) and is used for monitoring the level of consciousness during anesthesia. this study was designed to investigate the accuracy of glasgow coma scale (gcs) and csi as a predictor of in-hospital mortality in patients with trauma brain injury (tbi). objective to compare the predictive value of gcs and csi for predicting...

There is little information concerning the correlation between clinical and CT findings in chronic subdural hematoma . This study was performed on 69 hematoma patients to find correlations between CT findings and GCS. Ninety one percent of patients were male and 9℅ were female. The average age was 63. In 87℅ of cases, the lesions was unilateral and in the remaining 13℅ , it was bilateral. The r...

OBJECTIVES The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the association between the red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), Canadian Neurological Scale (CNS), and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores in patients who had acute ischemic stroke. METHODS This prospective observational cohort study included 88 patients who have had acute i...

BACKGROUND Accuracy of consciousness level assessment is very important. It may determine and influence further clinical decisions, thus influences patients' outcomes. The widest method in determining the level of awareness is the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). Despite its common use, GCS scores obtained by one clinician may differ from others depending on their interpretations and past experience. ...