This contribution proposes a Mixed Integer Non Linear Programming (MINLP) formulation for optimal design of a catalytic distillation column based on a generic nonequilibrium model (NEQ). The solution strategy for the global optimization combines Simulated Annealing (SA) and Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) in order to minimize the objective function. The solution of this MINLP problem yie...

BACKGROUND The institution of duty hour reforms by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education in 2003 has created a learning environment where residents are consistently looking for input from attending physicians with regards to balancing duty hour regulations and providing quality patient care. There is a paucity of literature regarding resident perceptions of attending physicia...

We demonstrate that citizens perceive a duty to support policies that benefit their nation, even when they themselves judge that the consequences of the policies will be worse on the whole, taking outsiders into account. In terms of actions, subjects think they would do their perceived duty rather than violate it for the sake of better consequences. The discrepancy between duty and judged conse...

BACKGROUND Residents are stakeholders in the debate surrounding duty hour restrictions, yet few studies have assessed their perspective on their programs' efforts to comply with them. OBJECTIVES This paper explores learners' perceptions of the attributes of their programs in relation to duty hour compliance, and looks for evidence whether residents view duty hour limits as important to patien...