Tight blood glucose control with insulin reduces morbidity and mortality of critically ill patients. However, the relative impact of maintaining normoglycemia and of glycemia-independent actions of insulin remains unknown. We therefore independently manipulated blood glucose and plasma insulin levels in burn-injured, parentally fed rabbits over 7 days to obtain four study groups: two normoglyce...

One of the more serious complications following transplantation is the development of post-transplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM), which has a major impact on the quality of life, with effects ranging from the control of glycemia times to increased susceptibility to infections and cardiovascular complications. It has been suggested that immunosuppressive therapy, mainly tacrolimus therapy, ma...

OBJECTIVE To associate the markers lipid profile, inflammatory profile (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein HSCRP and fibrinogen), and metabolic profile (glucose determination) with hospital and posthospital events in patients with acute ischemic syndrome (AIS) and to describe the predictors of mortality in this population. METHODS A cohort study with 199 patients with AIS (unstable angina, a...

In the present article, we describe a 3-day experimental workshop on type I diabetes aimed at helping high school students to understand how fundamental research on glycemia regulation contributes to the development of scientific knowledge and therapeutic strategies. The workshop engaged students in open-ended investigations and guided experiments. Each class was divided into three or four grou...

Hypoglycemia is a potentially serious side effect of blood glucose lowering in diabetes mellitus. The intensive glycemia treatment arm of the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial is designed to treat patients with type 2 diabetes with target glycemia within the normal range (ie, glycosylated hemoglobin <6%). Because it is known that treating glycemia to such a low le...

OBJECTIVE Endothelial vasodilator dysfunction and carotid intima-media thickening are useful surrogate markers of cardiovascular disease, a major cause of morbidity and mortality in type 2 diabetic patients. However, because most studies reporting the relationships between endothelial function, intima-media thickness (IMT), and hyperglycemia have compared diabetic patients with healthy controls...

BACKGROUND Dietary glycemic load (GL; defined as the mathematical product of the glycemic index and carbohydrate content) is increasingly used in nutritional epidemiology. Its ability to predict postprandial glycemia and insulinemia for a wide range of foods or mixed meals is unclear. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to assess the degree of association between calculated GL and observed glucose an...

BACKGROUND There is no agreement as to whether intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes can reduce the incidence of macrovascular events in these patients. We performed a meta-analysis comparing intensive glucose control or conventional glucose control in randomized controlled trials. METHODS Databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane controlled trials register, the Cochrane Librar...

OBJECTIVE To determine if baseline subgroups in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial can be identified for whom intensive compared with standard glycemia treatment had different effects on all-cause mortality. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Exploratory post hoc intention-to-treat comparisons were made between intensive and standard glycemia groups on all-cause mor...

Inulin-type fructans (ITF) are known for their capacity to modulate gut microbiota, energy metabolism and to improve glycemia in several animal models of obesity, and in humans. The potential contribution of ITF as modulators of sugar digestion by host enzymes has not been evaluated yet. A sucrose challenge has been performed on naive mice fed a standard diet supplemented with or without native...