Reply to Comments on " Quantum Key Distribution for d-level systems for generalized Bell states " [Phys. Rev. A, 052331, (2002)] and " Quantum secret sharing based on a reusable Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states as secure carriers " [Phys. Abstract We show that the criticisms of two recent comments [1, 2] on the insecurity of quantum key distributions proposed in [3] and [4] and the secret sha...

Der sicheren Übertragung und Aufbewahrung vertraulicher Daten kommt in unserer von Information dominierten Gesellschaft immer grössere Bedeutung zu. Die heute gebräuchlichen Verfahren zur Datenverschlüsselung bieten allerdings nur berschränkte, so-genannt berechenmässige, Sicherheit. Das bedeutet, dass diese prinzipiell von einem Angreifer, der über genügend Rechenleistung (zum Beispiel einen, ...

We report on a feasibility study of a free-space Quantum Key Distribution setup operating at a mid-infrared wavelength. Alice sends polarization-coded pseudo-single photons from a Quantum Cascade Laser at 4.6 μm to Bob, who uses a nonlinear crystal and a Silicon Avalanche Photodiode to perform the detection via Sum Frequency Generation. Theoretical predictions, based on a proof-of-principle exp...

in this paper, we derive the exact analytical expressions for the shannon entropy of generalized orderstatistics from pareto-type and related distributions.

Leveraging quantum mechanics, cryptographers have devised provably secure key sharing protocols[4], [3], [6], [17]. Despite proving the security in theory, real-world application falls short of the ideal. Last year, cryptanalysts completed an experiment demonstrating a successful eavesdropping attack on commercial quantum key distribution (QKD) systems[12]. This attack exploits a weakness in th...

Empirical studies have shown that the size distribution of firms can be described as a lognormal or Pareto distribution. However, these studies have focused on developed countries and little attention has been devoted to developing countries. Using the variable of number of employees as a measure of firm size, this paper investigates the shape of firm size distribution in the food & beverages i...

This paper proposed a new general probabilistic multi-item, single-source inventory model with varying mixture shortage cost under two restrictions. One of them is on the expected varying backorder cost and the other is on the expected varying lost sales cost. This model is formulated to analyze how the firm can deduce the optimal order quantity and the optimal reorder point for each item to re...

This paper explores whether home buyers are inattentive to future energy costs. I exploit variation in energy costs in the form of fuel price changes in Massachusetts where there is significant overlap in the geographic and age distributions of oil-heated and gas-heated homes. I find that relative fuel price shifts cause relative changes in housing transaction prices consistent with full capita...

We study the dynamics of excitable integrate-and-fire neurons in a small-world network. At low densities p of directed random connections, a localized transient stimulus results either in self-sustained persistent activity or in a brief transient followed by failure. Averages over the quenched ensemble reveal that the probability of failure changes from 0 to 1 over a narrow range in p; this fai...