Introduction: Emergency dispatch is a relatively new field, but the growth of dispatching as a profession, along with raised expectations for help before responders arrive, has led to increased production of and interest in emergency dispatch research. As yet, no systematic review of dispatch research has been conducted. Objective: This study reviewed the existing literature and indicated gaps ...

Gravitational search algorithm (GSA) is based on the law of gravity and a mass of interaction. In GSA, the searcher agents are a collection of masses which interact with each other based on the Newtonian gravity and the laws of motion. This paper proposes a new clustered gravitational search algorithm (CGSA) to accelerate the performance of the GSA. Here, the whole population is divided into th...

nowadays, economic load dispatch between generation units with least cost involved is one of the most important issues in utilizing power systems. in this paper, a new method i.e. water cycle algorithm (wca) which is similar to other intelligent algorithm and is based on swarm, is employed in order to solve the economic load dispatch problem between power plants. wca is used to solve complicate...

The aim of the smart grid is to achieve more efficient, distributed and secure supply of energy over the traditional power grid by using a bidirectional information flow between the grid agents (e.g. generator node, customer). One of the key optimization problems in smart grid is to produce power among generator nodes with a minimum cost while meeting the customer demand, known as Economic Disp...

For a given minimum cost of the electricity dispatch, multiple equivalent dispatch solutions may exist. We explore the sensitivity of networks to these dispatch solutions and their impact on the vulnerability of the network to cascading failure blackouts. It is shown that, depending on the heterogeneity of the network structure, the blackout statistics can be sensitive to the dispatch solution ...

Abstract We examine how political conflicts affect trade, using both the Goldstein score that scales all daily worldwide and firm-country-product level data of Chinese imports. find reduce imports in general. Specifically, (i) State-owned enterprises (SOEs) are most reduced, effects mostly fall on intermediate goods while not so much capital goods; (ii) foreign-invested (FIEs) less negatively a...

This paper describes the procedure used to create a queueing model for servers which are currently in parallel connection with different dispatch probabilities. The system response time of parallel Web servers is improved by calculating dispatch probabilities. The system response time is calculated first. The equation for the lowest system response time is obtained by adjusting the equation to ...

Benford’s law predicts the frequency of the first digit of numbers met in a wide range of naturally occurring phenomena. In data sets, following Benford’s law, numbers are started with a small leading digit more often than those with a large leading digit. This law can be used as a tool for detecting fraud and abnormally in the number sets and any fabricated number sets. This can be used as an ...

The Economic Dispatch Problem (EDP) is one of the important optimization problem in a power system. Traditionally, in EDP, the cost function for each generator has been approximately represented by a single quadratic function. The main aim of EDP is to minimize the total cost of generating real power while satisfying the equality constraints of power balance and the inequality generator capacit...