عاطقلا طبر ي يذ لا ة يبرهكلا ىو قلا ماظنل يكيمانيدلارارقتسلال ةضيفتسم ةيلمع ةسارد ثحبلا اذه مدقي ني ب ة لوقنملا ةرد قلا ةدا يز ى لع ك لذ ريثأ ت و ةيدوعس لا ءا برهآ ةآر ش ن م ط سولأا عا طقلا و يقرش لا نيعاطقلا ، ىوقلا مظن تاتبثم طبض للاخ نم كلذو . دقل شم ةغايص مت ةلك طبض ةروص ىف تاتبثملا هذه ةلثمأ ةلكشم . ماظنلا ءادأ نيسحتل ك لذو ةدر فنملا ماظنلا ميق ىلع نادمتعت فده يتلاد حارتقا مت دقلو . د قلو ...

يفكي هنأ نيبن ،ثحبلا اذه يف ةيقفأ حئارش تاطاقسإ هيمسن ام لثم باسحلا ةلهس ملاعم مادختسا ايلآ ةعوبطملا فورحلا ىلع يئوضلا فرعتلا ةلأسم ةءافكب لحت يكل ةيسأرو . ةرجش مادختساب فرعتلا متي حاجنلا لدعم ةدايزل ىرخأ تافاضإ عم ةدمعأو فوفص فذحو ميعنتو عوجر تايلآب ةموعدم رارق . و مدختسن ماظنلا بيردتل طخ نم زومر Times New Roman . دق فذحلاو ميعنتلاو عوجرلا ليعفت نإ لاًدعم ققح حجان اً زواجت 98 % نم لقأ فرعت نمزب ...

Carbon dioxide (CO(2)) is the most important greenhouse gas (GHG) in the atmosphere and is the greatest contributor to global warming. CO(2) concentration data are usually obtained from ground observation stations or from a small number of satellites. Because of the limited number of observations and the short time series of satellite data, it is difficult to monitor CO(2) concentrations on reg...

As discussed in Sect. 3.2, it was difficult to compare GOSAT XCO2 with aircraft measurement data at some observation sites where there was a paucity of flight data on the day when GOSAT was scheduled to overpass. However, the temporal interpolation of aircraft-based XCO2 by a curve fitting method enables temporally matched cases to be obtained for all observation sites of CONTRAIL, NOAA, DOE, a...

Figure 6. Scatter plot of the GOSAT TANSO-FTS XH2O and coincident TCCON soundings (criteria of ±30 min and ±1° in latitude/longitude) at the Lamont (left) and Lauder (right) TCCON sites. All coincidences were found for TANSO-FTS land scans. Figure 4. Scatter plot of the GOSAT TANSO-FTS XH2O and coincident TCCON soundings (criteria of ̆30 min and ̆1 ̋ in latitude/longitude). For these criteria, the...

CO2 is one of the most important greenhouse gases. Its concentration and distribution in the atmosphere have always been important in studying the carbon cycle and the greenhouse effect. This study is the first to validate the XCO2 of satellite observations with total carbon column observing network (TCCON) data and to compare the global XCO2 distribution for the passive satellites Orbiting Car...

Recognizing TimeML events and identifying their attributes, are important tasks in natural language processing (NLP). Several NLP applications like question answering, information retrieval, summarization, and temporal information extraction need to have some knowledge about events of the input documents. Existing methods developed for this task are restricted to limited number of languages, an...

We describe a method of evaluating systematic errors in measurements of total column dry-air mole fractions of CO2 (XCO2) from space, and we illustrate the method by applying it to the v2.8 Atmospheric CO2 Observations from Space retrievals of the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (ACOS-GOSAT) measurements over land. The approach exploits the lack of large gradients in XCO2 south of 25S to i...

In this study, Four Wave Mixing (FWM) characteristics in photonic crystal fibers are investigated. The effect of channel spacing, phase mismatching, and fiber length on FWM efficiency have been studied. The variation of idler frequency which obtained by this technique with pumping and signal wavelengths has been discussed. The effect of fiber dispersion has been taken into account; we obtain th...

يمومع باي تيعقوم متسيس كي تقد 3 رد متسيس وردوخ يربوان ياه يم ريثأت يفلتخم لماوع زا زا تـسا مزلا لـيلد نيمه هب و دريذپ شور دومن هدافتسا وردوخ هدش نييعت تيعقوم رد تقد شيازفا تهج هشقن قيبطت ياه . متسيس رد هشقن قيبطت وردوـخ يربواـن ياـه دراد هدهع رب ار رهش هشقن يوررب وردوخ يلعف تيعقوم نييعت هفيظو . رد هـشقن قيبطت هلأسم لح يارب يبيكرت متيروگلا كي هلاقم نيا متسيس رد يم داهنشيپ وردوخ يربوان يا...