in maritime transport law deck carriage is an important issue. whether a carrier is or is not allowed to carry goods on deck is a question that must be answered in each case and according to international rules and conventions (such as hague rules, hamburg and rotterdam conventions) and domestic laws and regulations (including maritime law of iran) governing the carriage as well as the type and...

Cell intercalation and cell shape changes drive notochord morphogenesis in the African frog, Xenopus laevis. Experimental observations show that cells elongate mediolaterally and intercalate between one another, causing the notochord to lengthen and narrow. Descriptive observations provide few clues as to the mechanisms that coordinate and drive these cell movements. It is possible that a few r...

Inferentialism claims that expressions are meaningful by virtue of rules governing their use. In particular, logical expressions are autonomous if given meaning by their introduction-rules, rules specifying the grounds for assertion of propositions containing them. If the elimination-rules do no more, and no less, than is justified by the introduction-rules, the rules satisfy what Prawitz, foll...

Being a professional entails certain requirements. This status confers upon the individual relative autonomy in carrying out his duties and in expressing his behaviour, in conformity with certain rules or guidelines. However, there are no specific rules governing every situation. Nurses and teachers must evaluate a given situation and use their judgment to proceed with the appropriate intervent...

With the enactment of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure (FRCP), the legal discovery process in healthcare is beginning a radical transformation. The rules governing the discovery of electronic information and the legal process will vary by court jurisdiction (federal, state, or local) as well as the nature, size, and type of case under litigation (civil, criminal, or class action). To prepar...

Rules governing the global environment and the international economy are currently decided in separate arenas. Yet, environmental agreements can have strong economic implications, particularly with the growing use of market mechanisms. Economic liberalization rules, meanwhile, may limit the effectiveness of environmental agreements. This paper assesses the potential interaction between one impo...

Selection rules governing the disintegration of a particle into two photons are derived from the general principle of invariance under rotation and inversion. The polarization state of the photons is completely fixed by the selection rules for initial particles with spin less than 2. These results which are independent of any specific assumption about the interactions may possibly oGer a method...

Knowing when and how to communicate and coordinate with other agents in a multi-agent system is an important efficiency and reliability question. Contextual rules governing this communication must be provided to the agent, or generated at runtime through environmental analysis. In this paper we describe how the T/EMS task modeling language is used to encode such contextual coordination rules, a...

The participation of local communities and other stakeholders in managing forestry and conservation projects can help to improve forest productivity, alleviate poverty, enhance environmental sustainability, and make rules governing forest access more enforceable. Introducing participatory management depends on government commitment; and it requires time and resources to develop consensus among ...