Improving a priori stochastic models of the process and measurement noise vectors in Kalman Filer (KF) has always been a challenge. As one preferable technique to address this challenge, the variance component estimation (VCE) applied on the Kalman Filter’s process and measurement noise covariance matrix (Q & R) has been proved in plenty of applications. Unsurprisingly, VCE was expected to re-e...

[1] A systematic discrepancy exists between slip vectors of thrust fault earthquakes at the Lesser Antilles trench (LAT) and the predicted direction of North AmericanCaribbean convergence. A possibility has been that the discrepancy resulted because neither was well constrained. Estimating Caribbean motion has been challenging owing to the limited data along the plate’s complex boundaries. Simi...

This study aimed to determine the feasibility of using optical coherence elastography to measure internal displacements during the curing phase of a light-activated, resin-based composite material. Displacement vectors were spatially mapped over time within a commercial dental composite. Measurements revealed that the orientation of cure-induced displacement vectors varied spatially in a comple...

Direct interactive manipulation of 3D objects is very important in Computer Graphics. The user interface to deal with this problem poses a difficult problem because of the high number of degrees of freedom involved, associated with the loss of depth in the viewing projection. This paper introduces a new technique to specify displacement vectors in the three-dimensional space. The technique is b...

A new and significant source of information on earthquake studies has been provided by space geodesy. The data which are gathered by various techniques of space geodesy, can quantify potential of seismic activity in the region of interest. To achieve this goal, the main advantage of extra-terrestrial geodetic data in comparison with the conventional data from geology and seismology is the abili...

Elastic waves are scattered by an elastic inclusion. The interface between the inclusion and the surrounding material is imperfect: the discontinuity in the displacement (traction) vector across the interface is taken to be proportional to the average of the traction (displacement) vectors on the two sides of the interface. Uniqueness theorems are obtained, and boundary integral equations over ...

The aviation industry’s increasing reliance on GPS to facilitate navigation and air traffic monitoring opens new attack vectors with the purpose of hijacking UAVs or interfering with air safety. We propose Crowd-GPS-Sec to detect and localize GPS spoofing attacks on moving airborne targets such as UAVs or commercial airliners. Unlike previous attempts to secure GPS, Crowd-GPS-Sec neither requir...

If three or more GPS antennas are mounted properly on a platform and differences of GPS signals measurements are collected simultaneously, the baselines vectors between antennas can be determined and the platform orientation defined by these vectors can be calculated. Thus, the prerequisite for attitude determination technique based on GPS is to calculate baselines between antennas to millimete...