Response functions for the effect of ozone on cadmium (Cd) (toxic to humans) and zinc (Zn) (essential nutrient for plants and humans) in wheat grain were derived for the first time. Data from four open-top chamber (OTC) experiments with field-grown wheat, performed in southwest Sweden, were used. Ozone exposure was expressed as the phytotoxic ozone dose above a threshold of 6 nmol/m(2) per sec ...

Effect of porosity on grain growth is both the most frequent and technologically important situation encountered in ceramic materials. Generally this effect occurs during sintering, however, for nuclear fuels it also becomes very important under reactor irradiation conditions. In these cases pores and gas bubbles attached to the grain boundaries migrate along with the boundaries, in some circum...

In this study, interactive effects of microstructure and cavity dimension on the filling behaviors in micro coining were investigated. The results indicate that the filling ability is dependent on both the cavity width t and the ratio of cavity width to grain size t/d strongly. The critical ratio t/d for the worst filling ability increases with cavity width t and tends to disappear when the cav...

We present extensive calculations on the efficiency of grain alignment by the Davis-Greenstein mechanism. We model the grains as oblate spheroids with arbitrary axis ratios. Our description of the grain dynamics includes (i) magnetic dissipation and the inverse process driven by thermal fluctuations in the grain magnetization; (ii) gas-grain collisions and thermal evaporation of molecules from ...

smaller devices and reduced form factors with time, resulting in new challenges. Reduction in device and interconnect solder bump sizes has led to increased current density in these small solders. Higher level of electromigration occurring due to increased current density is of great concern affecting the reliability of the entire microelectronics systems. This presentation reviews electromigra...

an experiment was conducted in the experimental field of seed and plant improvement institute in karaj for three consecutive cropping seasons, 2001-2003, to study the effects of eight different fertilizer treatments including some microelements on grain yield and protein content of a bread wheat cultivar pishtaz. the experiment was in a rcbd with three replications.eight fertilizer treatments w...

The applicability of standard lattice percolation models to a random two-dimensional grain structure is explored. A random network based on the triangle lattice is proposed as a more appropriate model, and results in a higher percolation threshold (0.711 compared with 0.653 for the standard hexagonal lattice). The triple junction constraint inherent in grain boundary structures is subsequently ...