Our model of sentence comprehension includes at least grammatical processes important for structure-building, and executive resources such as working memory that support these grammatical processes. We hypothesized that a core network of brain regions supports grammatical processes, and that additional brain regions are activated depending on the working memory demands associated with processin...

I provide an overview of current theories of scalar implicature: the pragmatic (or Gricean), the lexical and the grammatical theory. The empirical focus are global and local, but also intermediate implicatures. I argue that the grammatical theory is conceptually less well motivated than even a combination of the pragmatic and the lexical theory, and that the grammatical theory therefore require...

Method: At first, two optimized fineness levels were attained for both cement substituting materials used in this study (GGW as glass fine ˂ 38μm (GF), glass superfine ˂ 25μm (GSF) and EAFS as slag fine ˂ 75μm (SF), slag superfine ˂ 32μm (SSF)). In addition to control mortar (CM), four types of binary mortar mixtures were cast by substituting cement 5-20% with GGW (GF and GSF) and 10-30% with E...

Grammatical words represent the part of grammar that can be most directly contrasted with the lexicon. Aphasiological studies, linguistic theories and psycholinguistic studies suggest that their processing is operated at different stages in speech production. Models of sentence production propose that at the formulation stage, lexical words are processed at the functional level while grammatica...

abstractthis study focused mainly on the shifts of the grammatical cohesion in texts translated from english into persian. it aimed to identify the grammatical cohesive devices (gcds) in st and tt separately, based on halliday and hassn's model (1976), determine the number of occurrences of gcds in two texts and finally, illustrate types of shifts of grammatical cohesion and strategies used in ...

Computational Grammars can be adapted to detect ungrammatical sentences, effectively transforming them into error detection (or correction) systems. In this paper we provide a theoretical account of how adapt implemented HPSG grammars for grammatical detection. We discuss single input reconstructed in multiple ways and, turn, used specific, high-quality feedback language learners. then move on ...

The markedness theory has been becoming an important tool to directly link formal (structural) linguistic data and properties across languages. Markedness is one of the criteria which used determine asymmetry grammatical constructions in languages being learnt. So far, typological analyses on non-verbal Minangkabaunese[1] have not particularly based yet. Therefore, analysis Minangkabaunese ling...

Unsupervised learning algorithms have been derived for several statistical models of English grammar, but their computational complexity makes applying them to large data sets intractable. This paper presents a probabilistic model of English grammar that is much simpler than conventional models, but which admits an efficient EM training algorithm. The model is based upon grammatical bigrams, i....

This proof of concept study examines the possibility of specifying the construction of programs using a Particle Swarm algorithm, and represents a new form of automatic programming based on Social Learning, Social Programming or Swarm Programming. Each individual particle represents choices of program construction rules, where these rules are specified using a Backus-Naur Form grammar. The resu...