Four granular sequencing batch reactors (GSBRs) were inoculated with four denitrifying Pseudomonas strains carrying nosZ to study the process of granule formation, operational conditions bioreactors, and carbon concentration needed for nitrate removal. The selected P. stutzeri I1, fluorescens 376, denitrificans Z1, PSC26, previously reported as microorganisms gene. Z1 produced fluffy, low-densi...

The electron-dense cores of regulated secretory granules in the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila are crystal lattices composed of multiple proteins. Granule synthesis involves a series of steps beginning with protein sorting, followed by the condensation and precise geometric assembly of the granule cargo. These steps may to various degrees be determined by the cargo proteins themselves. A promi...

The electron-dense cores of regulated secretory granules in the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila are crystal lattices composed of multiple proteins. Granule synthesis involves a series of steps beginning with protein sorting, followed by the condensation and precise geometric assembly of the granule cargo. These steps may to various degrees be determined by the cargo proteins themselves. A promi...

Sustainable wastewater treatment has been attracting increasing attentions over the past decades. However, the production of nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent GHG, from the energy-efficient granule-based autotrophic nitrogen removal is largely unknown. This study applied a previously established N2O model, which incorporated two N2O production pathways by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) (AOB denit...

Electron microscopy and quantitative stereological techniques were used to study the dynamics of the docked granule pool in the rat pancreatic beta-cell. The mean number of granules per beta-cell was 11,136. After equilibration in RPMI containing 5.6 mmol/l glucose, 6.4% of the granules (approximately 700) were docked at the plasma membrane (also measured as [means +/- SE] 4.3 +/- 0.6 docked gr...

Cultured human myeloid leukemia (HL60) cells were characterized using ultrastructural cytochemical methods and differences identified when cells were compared for low (17 to 47), middle (69 to 100), and high (214 to 244) passages or to normal promyelocytes aspirated from bone marrow. Endoplasmic reticulum and transition structures (pre-Golgi compartment) of HL60 cells stained positively for per...

Solid dosage forms are invariably multiparticulate systems of heterogenous particle size distribution. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of particle size distribution of paracetamol granules on some tablet mechanical properties of paracetamol tablets. Granules were formed by wet massing paracetamol powder (200 g) with 20% (w/w) of maize starch mucilage as binder. Resulting...

In the pharmaceutical industry high hear granulation is a commonly used process step in the production of a solid formulation. Because of regulatory guidelines and product quality assurance, an important granule requirement is homogeneity. However, often granule inhomogeneity is observed, expressed as a granule size-dependent variation in composition of the granules [1-4]. As a consequence of s...

Locking granularity refers to the size of a lockable data unit, called a "granule", in a database system. Fine granularity improves system performance by increasing concurrency level but it also increases lock management overhead. Coarse granularity, on the other hand, sacrifices system performance but lowers the lock management cost. This paper explores the impact of granule size on performanc...

Using patch-clamp techniques, we have followed the attributes of the secretory granules of peritoneal mast cells obtained from rats of different ages. The granule attributes were determined by following the step increases in the cell surface membrane area caused by the exocytosis of the granules in GTP gamma S stimulated mast cells. Our data show that the amount of granule membrane available fo...