Recommender system has attracted much attention during the past decade, and many attack detection algorithms have been developed for better recommendation. Most previous approaches focus on the shilling attacks, where the attack organizer fakes a large number of user profiles by the same strategy to promote or demote an item. In this paper, we study a different attack style: unorganized malicio...

Polarized Wnt signaling along the primary body axis is a conserved property of axial patterning in bilaterians and prebilaterians, and depends on localized sources of Wnt ligands. However, the mechanisms governing the localized Wnt expression that emerged early in evolution are poorly understood. Here we find in the cnidarian Hydra that two functionally distinct cis-regulatory elements control ...

The formation of the vertebrate body axis during gastrulation strongly depends on a dorsal signaling centre, the Spemann organizer as it is called in amphibians. This organizer affects embryonic development by self-differentiation, regulation of morphogenesis and secretion of inducing signals. Whereas many molecular signals and mechanisms of the organizer have been clarified, its function in an...

"Best tools and practices for concept mapping" by Chris Clark (University of Notre Dame, Kaneb Center). Introduction to terms and uses for concept maps/mind maps, a teaching-learning strategy that entails building a visual representation or visual organizer to assist learning or show what has been learned. Site includes links to further resources and articles. https://ltlatnd.wordpress.com/2011...

"Best tools and practices for concept mapping" by Chris Clark (University of Notre Dame, Kaneb Center). Introduction to terms and uses for concept maps/mind maps, a teaching-learning strategy that entails building a visual representation or visual organizer to assist learning or show what has been learned. Site includes links to further resources and articles. https://ltlatnd.wordpress.com/2011...

"Best tools and practices for concept mapping" by Chris Clark (University of Notre Dame, Kaneb Center). Introduction to terms and uses for concept maps/mind maps, a teaching-learning strategy that entails building a visual representation or visual organizer to assist learning or show what has been learned. Site includes links to further resources and articles. https://ltlatnd.wordpress.com/2011...

Cell fate in the cephalic neural primordium is controlled by an organizer located at the midbrain-hindbrain boundary. Studies in chick, mouse and zebrafish converge to show that mutually repressive interactions between homeodomain transcription factors of the Otx and Gbx class position this organizer in the neural primordium. Once positioned, independent signaling pathways converge in their act...

Formation of the organizer is one of the most central patterning events in vertebrate development. Organizer-derived signals are responsible for establishing the CNS and patterning the dorsal ventral axis. The mechanisms promoting organizer formation are known to involve cooperation between Nodal and Wnt signalling. However, the organizer forms in a very restricted region, suggesting the presen...