Ten attempts to prove the Generalized Second Law of Thermodyanmics (GSL) are described and critiqued. Each proof provides valuable insights which should be useful for constructing future, more complete proofs. Rather than merely summarizing previous research, this review offers new perspectives, and strategies for overcoming limitations of the existing proofs. A long introductory section addres...

Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are believed to be integral for the dynamics of many cell membrane events, including cellular interactions, signaling, and trafficking. We have investigated their roles in development and differentiation by eliminating the major synthesis pathway of GSLs through targeted disruption of the Ugcg gene encoding glucosylceramide synthase. In the absence of GSL synthesis, em...

The mammalian gastrointestinal microbiota exerts a strong influence on host lipid and cholesterol metabolism. In this study, we have characterized the interplay among diet, gut microbial ecology, and cholesterol metabolism in a hamster model of hypercholesterolemia. Previous work in this model had shown that grain sorghum lipid extract (GSL) included in the diet significantly improved the high-...

With the improvement and decline in cost of high-throughput genotyping and phenotyping technologies, genome-wide association (GWA) studies are fast becoming a preferred approach for dissecting complex quantitative traits. Glucosinolate (GSL) secondary metabolites within Arabidopsis spp. can serve as a model system to understand the genomic architecture of quantitative traits. GSLs are key defen...

Aliphatic glucosinolates are the predominant sulfur-rich plant secondary metabolites in economically important Brassica crops. Glucosinolates and their hydrolysis products are involved in plant-microbe, plant-insect, plant-animal, and plant-human interactions. It is, therefore, important to manipulate glucosinolate profiles and contents in Brassica species. In this study, aliphatic glucosinolat...

[1] Two sites of the BARGEN GPS network are located 30 km south of Great Salt Lake (GSL). Lake-level records since mid-1996 indicate seasonal water elevation variations of 0.3 m amplitude superimposed on a roughly ‘‘decadal’’ feature of amplitude 0.6 m. Using an elastic Green’s function and a simplified load geometry for GSL, we calculate that these variations translate into radial crustal load...

Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) contain one or more sugars that are attached to a sphingolipid moiety, usually to a ceramide, but in rare cases also to a sphingoid base. A large structural heterogeneity results from differences in number, identity, linkage, and anomeric configuration of the carbohydrate residues, and also from structural differences within the hydrophobic part. GSLs form complex cell...

Here we present research work performed in the framework of the Greek national project DIANOEMA (GSRT, M3.3, id 35), focusing on the following activities: i) Development of innovative image analysis and computer vision algorithms for the effective visual analysis of video sequences, aiming at sign detection and tracking; ii) Creation of a video-corpus of the Greek Sign Language (GSL) and annota...

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of germinating soybeans under dark and light conditions on the quality characteristics of Korean soy sauce made with germinated soybeans. The germination rate of soybeans germinated under dark conditions (GSD) was higher than that of soybeans germinated under light conditions (GSL), whereas the lengths of sprouts and relative weights of GSL did n...

Most Graph Neural Networks follow the message-passing paradigm, assuming observed structure depicts ground-truth node relationships. However, this fundamental assumption cannot always be satisfied, as real-world graphs are incomplete, noisy, or redundant. How to reveal inherent graph in a unified way remains under-explored. We proposed PRI-GSL, Structure Learning framework guided by Principle o...