In the presence of spillovers, decentralized provision of local public goods may lead to a higher surplus than centralized provision even though localities have identical preferences. Indeed, free-riding costs associated to decentralization can be lower than the costs of rent-seeking and influence activities under centralization. Actually, centralization yields a higher level of regional surplu...

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is responsible for several food-borne outbreaks worldwide. In this study, tissue samples of finfish (tilapia, n = 100) and (mullet, 100), twenty human hand swabs from fish sellers fishermen were tested bacteriologically STEC presence. Isolates their antibiotic susceptibility examined the presence eaeA,stx1, stx2 genes. E. identified tissues (36.5% 1...

This paper investigates the role of structural reforms – privatization, financial reform and trade liberalization– as determinants of FDI inflows based on newly constructed dataset on structural reforms for 19 Latin American and 25 Eastern European countries between 1989 and 2004. Our main finding is a strong empirical relationship from reforms to FDI, in particular, from financial liberalizati...

We generalize the Diamond–Mirrlees production efficiency theorem, that there should be no taxes on sectors producing pure intermediate goods, to an environment with political economy constraints. In our economy, allocations and taxation are decided by self-interested politicians without the power to commit to future policies. The Diamond–Mirrlees production efficiency result holds even when pol...