Age-related decreases in the conduction velocity (CV) of action potentials along myelinated axons have been linked to morphological changes in the myelin sheath. In particular, evidence suggests the presence of segmental demyelination and remyelination of axons. In remyelinated segments, the distance between adjacent nodes of Ranvier is typically shorter, and myelin sheaths are thinner. Both ex...

A mutant of Arabidopsis with reduced internodal cell length, acaulis5 (acl5), has recently been shown to have reduced transcript levels of a gene for endoxyloglucan transferase, EXGT-A1 (Y. Hanzawa, T. Takahashi, Y. Komeda [1997] Plant J 12: 863-874). In the present study, we cloned genomic fragments of five members of the EXGT gene family, EXGT-A1, EXGT-A3, EXGT-A4, XTR2, and XTR3, and examine...

Synchrotron-based X-ray microfluorescence (µSXRF) is an analytical method suitable for in situ investigation of the distribution of micronutrient and macronutrient elements in several-micrometres-thick unstained biological samples, e.g. single cells and tissues. Elements are mapped and quantified at sub-p.p.m. concentrations. In this study the quantity, distribution and grouping/co-localization...

We have shown previously that ethylene, which accumulates in the air spaces of submerged stem sections of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv "Habiganj Aman II"), is involved in regulating the growth response caused by submergence. The role of gibberellins in the submergence response was studied using tetcyclacis (TCY), a new plant growth retardant, which inhibits gibberellin biosynthesis. Stem sections e...

CYP21-4 is a novel Golgi-localized cyclophilin protein involved in oxidative stress tolerance. Here, we generated transgenic plants overexpressing AtCYP21-4 and OsCYP21-4 in potato and rice, respectively. The stems and roots of AtCYP21-4-overexpressing potato plants were longer than those of wild-type (WT) plants, which resulted in heavier tubers. In vitro tuberization in the transgenic potato ...

This study examined associations between mother-infant nighttime interactions and mother-infant attachment when infants were 12 months old. Forty-four mother-infant pairs participated in this study. For three consecutive nights at home, babies were observed in their cribs using a digital video system. Mothers reported on their nighttime interactions with their babies using a self-report diary a...

VERY small tomato plant occurred in F1 from diploid dwarf dldl A parents, grown in the field at Riverside, California, for a study of male sterility. The mutant was very slow-growing, compared with normal sibs, but was perfectly developed and apparently healthy. It had extremely short internodes and very small leaves (fig. I). It flowered freely and produced very small yellow (ry) fruit in abun...

The study aims to fully explicate the bending behavior of tea stalks under condition large deflection, which is crucial improve working performance mechanized harvesting equipment. mechanical model stalk was assumed be a non-prismatic beam with virtual internodes that could differ from actual internodes. With model, can freely divided into multiple internodes, whose flexural rigidities determin...