INTRODUCTION Low pressure valves with ventriculoperitoneal shunts have been proven to lead to good outcomes in the treatment of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. However, overdrainage complications are often seen with low opening pressures. Efforts have been made to obtain good outcomes without overdrainage complications by decreasing the hydrostatic pressure component using special val...

BACKGROUND The human body has simple and compound organs that obtain their nourishment through four humors. One of them is bile (yellow bile). According to Iranian traditional medicine (ITM), there are various kinds of natural medicines with their specific mechanisms of action affecting on bile in the human body. Hakim Aghili Shirazi (18th century), one of the great scholars in ITM field, intro...

Background Studies have shown that Iran has a high rate of opiate abuse and the most prevalently used is opium. This study was aimed to evaluate risk factors in patients with acute opium intoxication who referred to Loghman Hakim Hospital, Tehran, Iran, in 2011. Methods A total number of 383 patients with acute opium overdose, who were referred to the Emergency Department of Loghman Hakim Hos...