abstract cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide. current anticancer drugs involve various toxic side effects; efforts are ongoing to develop new anticancer agents especially from the screening of natural compounds. present study investigated cytotoxic effects and mode of cell death induced by the caspian cobra venom in some human cancer cell lines. cytotoxic effects of snake venom toxin...

Motility of the desmid Cosmarium cucumis depends on light: switching the light on induces a large fraction of previously immotile cells to start moving, and switching it off causes many motile cells to stop. Turning light on or off causes light-induced electrical potential changes which can be measured with internal microelectrodes. The electrical gradient within the cell is not correlated with...

This 68-year-old patient with Stage 4 chronic kidney disease was reviewed in our low clearance clinic 2 months after formation of a left arteriovenous fistula. The prominent ‘half-and-half’ appearance of his nails was noted. Nail disorders are common in chronic renal failure, affecting up to 70% of haemodialysis patients [1]. Half-and-half or Lindsay nails [2], where the proximal half of the na...