1. There is no effective anti-H5N1 avian influenza agent. 2. A chemical compound— BFDBSC—can inhibit H5N1 virus infection in cell cultures, and such inhibition might be attributable to its halogenated benzoyl residues. 3. This pilot study assessed anti- H5N1 activity and toxicity of four chemical compounds with halogenated benzoyl residues in cell culture system. 4. Two compounds—FPBFDBSC and B...

Practical and empirical equations of transport properties have been developed for refrigerant compounds. These equations have been used to develop correlations for experimental heat transfer coefficient (IITC) for both evaporation and condensation in smooth tubes. Model calculations have been compared with recent experimental data, and reasonable agreement has been obtained. INTRODUCTION We hav...

Vortex tube is a simple energy separation device, also known as Ranque tube or Hilsch tube, which can separate a high-pressure stream into two different hot and cold streams. Since its simple structure and unique temperature separation characteristics, vortex tube has been widely used in various industries. In recent years, with the in-depth study of the vortex tube, it has been found that comp...

By-products of disinfection were tested for initiating and/or promoting activity in rat liver by using the rat liver foci bioassay. The assay uses an increased incidence of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase-positive foci (GGT foci) as an indicator of carcinogenicity. The by-products of disinfection, including chloramine, halogenated humic acids, halogenated ethanes, halogenated acetonitriles, haloge...

Organic fluids could be classified into wet, dry and isentropic types according to the slope of the saturated vapor envelope on a temperature-entropy diagram. Due to the limited availability of pure isentropic refrigerants, attempts are made to make isentropic mixtures by mixing wet and dry refrigerants with an appropriate composition in the present work. A simple principle for selecting potent...

The transition from CFC-12 (GWP=10,900) to HFC-134a (GWP=1,430) in the 1990’s in new vehicle air conditioners eliminated the contribution to ozone depletion potential (ODP) from new vehicles and reduced the direct Global Warming Potential (GWP) by over 80%. One proposed alternative is HFC-1234yf (GWP=4). Despite the phase-in success of HFC-134a as a zero ODP automotive refrigerant it is still a...

Refrigerants that are used in refrigeration systems, cause environmental difficulties such as depletion of ozone layer and greenhouse effect. Thus, we must find substitutes for such refrigerants, in this paper, the effect of refrigerant on the thermodynamics performance of refrigeration cycles are studied. To do this, a refrigerator that has designed for R12, is simulated. Results show that pur...

Refrigerants that are used in refrigeration systems, cause environmental difficulties such as depletion of ozone layer and greenhouse effect. Thus, we must find substitutes for such refrigerants, in this paper, the effect of refrigerant on the thermodynamics performance of refrigeration cycles are studied. To do this, a refrigerator that has designed for R12, is simulated. Results show that pur...

a headspace-solid phase microextraction (hs-spme) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms) method has been developed for the simultaneously determination of 20 disinfection by-products (dbps) in water samples from reverse osmosis (ro) membranes. selected compounds belong to different families including: trihalomethanes (thms), halogenated acetonitriles (hans), halogenated nitromethanes ...

Analysis of compression mechanisms requires a prediction of the pressure during the compression and expansion processes. A common model is the polytropic process, PV = constant. This paper presents a method for determining the best polytropic exponent to use and suggests values for some common refrigerants used in the air conditioning and refrigeration industry. INTRODUCTION When a gas undergoe...