Abstract In the early nineteenth century, gradual transformation of Spain's former American territories into new independent republics required redefining their political and economic frameworks. This process demanded reforms, policies, institutional changes based on ideas Enlightenment liberalism that fueled a transatlantic flow from Europe to republics. article examines crucial contribution S...

Today wine production in Azerbaijan totals to about two million decalitres a year. Yet, the yearly wine consumption is only one million decalitres resulting in a total surplus of about one million decalitres of wine. In consequence, export is gaining in importance resulting in an increase of importance to produce high quality wine. In this context the production of high quality grapes is very i...

Under the Soviet-based system, countries in Central and Eastern Europe were among those with the most equal distributions of income in the world. A greater income inequality was therefore an expected outcome of a transition to a market economy. After 5-7 years of observations on the transition, two models of the process have emerged within the former Soviet bloc: one in Russia and other newly i...

Introduction Post World War II Germany was facing enormous problems caused by its immediate past: psychological, economical, social, political, moral. In addition it had to deal with an awkward situation of the country being split artificially into two diametrically different republics. It had to cope with its heritage and recent past and find a way out of the impasse to be able to function in ...

the fall of soviet :union: and independence of republics of central asia as well as south caucasus have brought both chances and challenges for iran. at first it seemed that muslim republics, which broke from soviet :union:, might have brought great chances for iran to promote her ideological claims and economic interests. dreams of islamic revolution in new independent central asian republics ...

This study assesses the effects of maternal healthcare on child survival by using nonrandomized data from a cross-sectional survey in Azerbaijan. Using 2SLS and simultaneous equation bivariate probit models, we estimate the effects of delivering in healthcare facility on probability of child survival taking into account self-selection into the treatment. For women who delivered at healthcare fa...

History's nasty habit of repeating past tragedies in the form of a modernized farce threatens to confirm itself in the destiny of the Commonwealth of Independence States (CIS). This knowingly shaky and hurriedly tailored formation appeared on the ruins of the old Soviet Union in December of 1991 due to the efforts of three leaders of former Soviet republics--the presidenta of Russia and Ukraine...

This article examines several major political and cultural issues with which the citizens of Azerbaijan are currently grappling. It considers the role of the Nogorno-Karabakh conflict and its aftermath, irredentist claims made by some on Azerbaijani portions of Iran, the place of women in society, and the role of oil. Present in all these topics, however, is the common theme of how Turkish, Rus...