Rats immunized with a semipurified preparation of the Escherichia coli heat-stable (ST) enterotoxin conjugated with a protein carrier were protected against challenge with semipurified or purified ST and viable organisms of multiple heterologous serotypes that produce only ST (LT-/ST+), but they were not protected against heal-labile (LT) toxin or viable strains which produce LT either alone (L...

The longus type IV pilus structural gene (lngA) was sought among 217 clinical enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains isolated in Argentina. lngA was present in 20.7% of the isolates and was highly associated with ETEC producing heat-stable toxin and the most common colonization factors. The prevalence of longus among ETEC strains in Argentina was comparable to that of colonization fact...

We report the first detection of tetrodotoxins (TTX) in European bivalve shellfish. We demonstrate that TTX is present within the temperate waters of the United Kingdom, along the English Channel, and can accumulate in filter-feeding molluscs. The toxin is heat-stable and thus it cannot be eliminated during cooking. While quantified concentrations were low in comparison to published minimum let...

Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) heat-stable toxin 1 (EAST1) is a small toxin of proteic nature. The reference strain producing this toxin was originally detected in the stools of a diarrheic Chilean child. Today, we know that EAST1 is not solely associated with EAEC but also with many other diarrheic E. coli families. Some studies have established the role of EAST1 in human outbreaks ...

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli have been associated with food-borne illnesses. Pasteurization is used to inhibit microbial growth in milk, and an open question is whether milk pasteurization inactivates Shiga toxins. To answer this question we measured Shiga toxin's inhibition effect on Vero cell dehydrogenase activity and protein synthesis. Our data demonstrate that Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2...

methods this experimental study was conducted on iranian children communities from may to november 2014. forty stool samples were obtained from laboratories and investigated for heat-labile toxin (lt). specific primers were designed and the dig -labeled pcr products were bounded to streptavidin-coated wells of a microtiter plate and detected by anti-dig-peroxidase conjugate. an internal biotin-...

Forty-three strains of Yersinia enterocolitica isolated from children with gastroenteritis and 18 laboratory strains were examined for enterotoxin production by using the infant mouse, Y1 adrenal cell, and rabbit ileal loop assay systems. All clinical isolates and seven laboratory strains were found enterotoxigenic in the infant mouse model, but none of the strains produced toxin in the Y1 adre...

A collection of Vibrio cholerae non-O1 isolated from the aquatic environs of Calcutta, a cholera-hyperendemic area, were examined for the production of cholera toxin (CT), Shiga-like toxins (Vero toxins), heat-stable enterotoxin, and hemolysins. Two (0.5%) V. cholerae non-O1 isolates produced CT. The DNA from both these isolates also hybridized with a DNA probe containing sequences encoding the...

Escherichia coli producing heat-labile enterotoxin is responsible for numerous cases of diarrhea worldwide, leading to considerable morbidity and mortality. The B subunits of this toxin are responsible for the binding to the receptor, the complex ganglioside GM1 which has galactose as its terminal sugar. In this study we showed that analogs of galactose (gal) and N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) ...