The origin of natural antibodies has been the subject of much controversy over a period of years. Since the extensive investigations by Landois2" on the transfusion of blood, the antibodies from opsonins to those directed against toxins and many infectious agents have been intensively investigated. The scope of investigation has even been extended to cold-blooded animals, revealing hemagglutini...

Certain of the experiments reported in the preceding paper suggested that propagation of influenza virus in or on the cells lining the aUantoic sac of the chick embryo can be divided into two major phases. According to this suggestion, the first phase would correspond to the production of some incomplete non-infectious forms or building blocks of the virus which, in the second phase, are conver...

The influenza virus hemagglutinin molecule possesses a globular head domain that mediates receptor binding and a stalk domain at the membrane-proximal region. We generated functional influenza viruses expressing chimeric hemagglutinins encompassing a variety of globular head and stalk combinations, not only from different hemagglutinin subtypes but also from different hemagglutinin phylogenetic...

A ntibodies against the Salmonella typhi enterobacterial com m on antigen (E C A ) an d the O and H antigens were investigated in sera from healthy m ale subjects who had been previously vaccinated with the typhoid vaccine. N o serological response to E C A was observed. Sera from subjects not previously vaccinated presented titers o f ECA hemagglutinins which quantitatively were related to the...

The review is devoted to the gut lectins/hemagglutinins of the following representatives of important disease vectors: ticks, kissing-bugs, mosquitoes, sandflies and tsetse flies. The paper surveys the recent knowledge on these carbohydrate binding factors with respect to their structural and functional properties, and their significance for pathogen/parasite transmission by the blood-sucking a...