the environmental kuznets curve (ekc) hypothesis posits an inverted u relationship between environmental pollutants and per capita income. recent researches have examined this hypothesis for different pollutants in different countries. however, so far a few number of ekc studies have been carried out in iran. this might be due to the lack of reliable environmental data in this field. the aim of...

A common finding in the empirical civil war literature is that population size and per capita income are highly significant predictors of civil war incidence and onset. This paper shows that the common finding of population size and per capita income having a significant average effect on civil war risk in a world sample breaks down once countryand year-specific unobservables are accounted for....

An empirical examination of the determinants of real per capita income in cities with professional sports teams from 1969-1997 shows that postseason appearances are not associated with any change in the level of real per capita income in these cities. However, in the city that is home to the winning team from the Super Bowl, real per capita personal income is found to be higher by about $140, p...

This paper provides a specific application of the Environmental Kuznets curve is a hypothetical relationship between various indicators of environmental degradation and income per capita. In the early stages of economic growth degradation and pollution increases, but beyond some level of income per capita it tends to reverse, so that at high economic growth leads to environmental improvement. T...

OBJECTIVES To see if obesity, deaths from diabetes, and daily calorie intake are associated with income inequality among developed countries. DESIGN Ecological study of 21 developed countries.Countries: Countries were eligible for inclusion if they were among the top 50 countries with the highest gross national income per capita by purchasing power parity in 2002, had a population over 3 mill...

in welfare economic studies, because of the differences among households scale, we cannot consider household expenditures without attention to this factor. a simple method to consider household scale in welfare analysis is the usage of the per capita expenditure. but, the usage of per capita expenditure ignores economies of scale. in fact, per capita expenditure is a biased variable, and underv...

CONTEXT Several international studies have observed a correlation between the improvement of socio-demographic indicators and rates of incidence and mortality from cancer of the colon and rectum. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to estimate the correlation between average per capita income and the rate of colorectal cancer mortality in Brazil between 2001 and 2009. METHODS We obtain...

Agricultural Research is one of the most important factors in agricultural development, thus, the role and importance of research is increasing. Within the past years, all developed and consequently developing countries have engaged their most attention to promote their researches indexes. This study is investigating the effect of agricultural research on the distribution of income and agricult...

The assumptions of declining fertility with rising income and rising per-capita output with rising population imply the existence of a stable demographic equilibrium with a high standard of living and relatively low total population. This Smithian equilibrium differs from the well-known Malthusian equilibrium in its comparative statics: technical progress lowers the Smithian equilibrium populat...