Rotary traveling-wave oscillators (RTWOs) represent a new transmission-line approach to gigahertz-rate clock generation. Using the inherently stable LC characteristics of on-chip VLSI interconnect, the clock distribution network becomes a low-impedance distributed oscillator. The RTWO operates by creating a rotating traveling wave within a closed-loop differential transmission line. Distributed...

In this report a current mode bandgap with a temperature coefficient of 3 ppm for the range from -117◦C to 144◦C is presented. 2nd order curvature compensation is used by using a third BJT with a temperature constant current and a second error amplifier to get a nonlinear temperature coefficient current in extra to enhance the accuracy. The required minimum supply voltage is 1.3V for 3ppm and 1...

A novel design for a low dropout (LDO) voltage regulator is presented and dedicated to power many sections of a typical cellular handset. However, these baseband, RF, and audio sections have different requirements that influence which LDO is most appropriate. After discussion of the specific requirements, different LDOs are recommended. Also, some LDO design techniques are briefly discussed to ...

Modern mobile applications demand high performance from low supply voltages to reduce power (extend battery life) and survive low breakdown voltages (imposed by sub-micron CMOS technologies), which is why precise low-impedance subbandgap references (below 1.2V) that are independent of process, package stress, supply, load, and temperature are critical. However, improving dc accuracy by trimming...

Polypropylene (PP) is a general-purpose plastic, but some applications are constrained by its high flammability. Thus, flame retardant PP is urgently demanded. In this article, intumescent flame retardant PP (IFRPP) composites with enhanced fire safety were prepared using 1-oxo-4-hydroxymethyl-2,6,7-trioxa-1-phosphabicyclo [2.2.2] octane (PEPA) functionalized graphene oxide (PGO) as synergist. ...

The rapid growth of the hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) has been driving the demand of high temperature automotive electronics target for the engine compartment, power train, and brakes where the ambient temperature normally exceeds 150°C. An operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) is an essential building block of various analog circuits such as data converters, instrumentation systems, l...

in this paper, we investigate the parameters affecting total harmonic distortion (thd) and power supply rejection ratio (psrr) in pwm class d amplifiers (cdas) on the basis of linear models with feedback. from our mathematical analysis, we show that the thd of a pwm class d amplifier with feedback can be improved by increasing the gain of the integrator through adding another amplifier at the o...