Using data for German and Swedish multinational enterprises (MNEs), this paper assesses international employment patterns. It analyzes determinants of location choice and the degree of substitutability of labor across locations. Countries with highly skilled labor forces attract German MNEs, but we find no such evidence for Swedish MNEs. This is consistent with the hypothesis that German MNEs l...

Many low skilled jobs have been substituted away for machines in Europe, or eliminated, much more so than in the US, while technological progress at the “top”, i.e. at the high-tech sector, is faster in the US than in Europe. This paper suggests that the main difference between Europe and the US in this respect is their different labor market policies. European countries reduce wage flexibility...

How immigration affects the labor market of the host country is a topic of major concern for many immigrant-receiving nations. Spain is no exception following the rapid increase in immigrant flows experienced over the past decades. We assess the impact of immigration on Spanish natives’ incomes by estimating the net immigration surplus under the assumption of perfect and imperfect substitutabil...

High-skilled immigrants are a very important factor in US innovation and entrepreneurship, accounting for roughly a quarter of US workers in fields such as computer science and delivering in terms of patents or firm starts. Their contributions to the US is rapidly increasing in the past three decades and are found to be well trained and skilled on average than their native counterparts. While t...

Although earnings generally increased in rural areas in the 1990s, Hispanic population growth led to lower wages for at least one segment of the rural population—workers with a high school degree (skilled workers), particularly men in this skill group. Using data from the Bureau of Economic Analysis and the Current Population Survey, this report examines the effects of Hispanic population growt...

This paper analyzes the career progression of skilled and unskilled workers, with a focus on how careers are affected by economic downturns, and whether formal skills, acquired early on, are able to shield workers from the effect of recessions. We estimate a dynamic life-cycle model of education choice, labor supply and wage progression using detailed administrative data for Germany for numerou...