BACKGROUND Although the negative effects of roads on the genetics of animal populations have been extensively reported, the question of whether roads reduce gene flow in volant, urban bird populations has so far not been addressed. In this study, we assess whether highways decreased gene flow and genetic variation in a small passerine bird, the tree sparrow (Passer montanus). METHODOLOGY We a...

Assessment of GPS-enabled smartphone data and its use in traffic state estimation for highways

Lean construction has recently gained momentum in England’s highways construction supply chain. The literature indicates that the current view to Visual Management (VM) within those lean implementations is limited to some VM tools. This paper explores the condition of VM, which is a fundamental sensory information management strategy in the lean production system, in the highways sector in Engl...

whereas in other states similar roads are financed locally. Larger governments attain scale economies. However, they also tend to be more bureaucratic and have higher operating costs, all else being equal, because of problems such as span of control. A study was done to relate highway expenditures with the share of expenditure by state governments to determine how governments should allocate ex...

In order to evaluate the importance of newly-formed minerals in the premature deterioration of Iowa highway concrete, a two-phase study was undertaken. In the first phase, we performed petrographic and SEM/EDAX analyses to determine chemical and mineralogical changes in the aggregate and cement paste of samples taken from Iowa concrete highways that showed premature deterioration. In the second...

This paper proposes a novel beamforming technique to form an arbitrary-shaped cell for the high-altitude platforms (HAPs) mobile communications. The new technique is based on pattern summation of individual low-sidelobe, narrow beams which constitute the desired cell pattern weighted by an amplitude correcting function. The new cell pattern can be adapted to cover the main highways forming worm...

This paper examines some of the issues and controversies that arise when facilities with perceived noxious environmental, social, and economic effects (LULUs) locate in communities. It develops a taxonomy of LULU types and describes some potential economic and social effects of five specific kinds of LULUs, including: (1) interstate highways, (2) large dams, (3) medium and maximum security pris...

This paper examines some of the issues and controversies that arise when facilities with perceived noxious environmental, social, and economic effects (NIMBYs) locate in communites. Five specific categories of NIMBYs are examined, including: (1) interstate highways, (2) large dams, (3) medium and maximum security prisons, (4) commercial nuclear power plants, and (5) gambling casinos. The paper ...