Unlike other developmental relationships, BRI is the most promising icon in transforming construction industry and built environment Africa; infrastructure developments like highways, bridges, skyscrapers, aviation take advanced technologies, methods, skills. However, technological capability of Chinese firms not transferred highest capacity to host countries. Nevertheless, main focus on delive...

The synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) technique has been applied in monitoring the deformation of infrastructures, such as bridges, highways, railways and subways. Persistent scatterer (PS)-InSAR is one InSAR techniques, which utilises persistent scatterers to derive long-term displacements. This study time-series methods post-process PS-InSAR-derived displacements with use 86 Sen...

We consider a random generalized railway defined as a random 3-regular multigraph where some vertices are regarded as switches not allowing traffic between any pair of attached edges. It is shown that the probability that the generalized railway is functioning is linear in the proportion of switches. Thus there is no threshold phenomenon for this property.