amended in the light of a more detailed study of the development of the anode-fall region of the discharge. A pseudo-FDS may sometimes develop, leading to misleading results. (4) The minimum distance from the cathode at which the anode fall develops is strongly dependent on the dimensions of a hollow cathode as well as on the pressure and current density. (5) A distinction must be made between ...

We have characterized two high voltage glow discharge configurations, with planar cathode and hollow cathode respectively, as electron beam sources. Electron beams having currents between several mA and tens of mA, energy values close to the applied voltage and variable pulse duration between hundreds ns and a few ms were obtained. The simplicity, compactness and unpretentious vacuum operation ...

A simple seaweed biomass conversion strategy is proposed to synthesize highly porous multishelled Ni-rich Li(Ni x Co y Mn z )O2 hollow fibers with very low cation mixing. The low cation mixing results from the cation confinement by the novel "egg-box" structure in the alginate template. These hollow fibers exhibit remarkable energy density, high-rate capacity, and long-term cycling stability wh...

The LiMn2O4 hollow nanofibers with a porous structure have been synthesized by modified electrospinning techniques and subsequent thermal treatment. The precursors were electrospun directly onto the fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass. The heating rate and FTO as substrate play key roles on preparing porous hollow nanofiber. As cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), LiMn2O4 hollow...

We measure and analyze the isotope shifts multiplet of transitions between metastable a$^5$F excited y$^5$G$^\circ$ terms neutral titanium by probing a vapor in hollow cathode lamp using saturated absorption spectroscopy. resolve five $J\to J+1$ four J$ within for each three $I=0$ stable isotopes ($^{46}$Ti, $^{48}$Ti, $^{50}$Ti). The on these allow us to determine isotope-dependent variation f...

Behavior of the xenon dispenser hollow cathode is known to be complex, exhibiting high through-anode ion emission, unusual particle energy distributions, and high plume erosion rates. A flight-type T6 hollow cathode was characterized using several diagnostic methods. Measurements involved a retarding potential analyzer, quadrupole mass spectrometer, and Langmuir probe. Far-field energy, flux, p...

The intrinsic low conductivity of sulfur which leads to a low performance at a high current rate is one of the most limiting factors for the commercialization of lithium-sulfur battery. Here, we present an easy and convenient method to synthesize a mono-dispersed hollow carbon sphere with a thin graphitic wall which can be utilized as a support with a good electrical conductivity for the prepar...

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