DISCUSSION Many surgeons default to holding the scope in a curved position. Due to the length and the ever decreasing calibre of modern scopes, the transmission of torque is reduced, resulting in decreased rotation of the tip in response to movements of the hand. Consequently, the operator resorts to excessive movements in a ‘windscreen wiper’ motion. Using this technique improves the ability o...

It is then easy to derive the well-known Lorentz transformation equations, those equations which allow us to convert between events measured in one frame to those measured in the other. Two observers in different frames may not measure the same events at the same place or time, but they must agree on all of the laws of physics regarding those events in order for the principle of relativity to h...

Sonographic guidance has long been employed for biopsy with sector scanners by utilizing attachable offset guides,’-5 by dedicated linear array system^,^,^ or by “free hand.”’ All of these techniques are bimanual, in contrast to a diagnostic scan or biopsy alone. The dedicated systems provide a slot that causes the needle to be directed into the center of the scanning plane. When the procedure ...

A homemade mitral annular prosthesis has been developed using expanded-polytetrafluoroethylene material. It is safe in that it avoids the risk of prosthesis wrinkle when stitches are tied. Simultaneously, it is strong enough to prevent future stretching and rupture. This device has been implanted in 60 patients with good and stable results at 42 months of follow-up. Our flexible mitral annular ...

Abstract Social distancing measures due to the SARS-CoV-2 virus have profoundly challenged educational experimental work. We sought remediate this issue by designing a series of low cost, risk, quick, and qualitative electrochemistry corrosion experiments be performed in student’s homes at microscale with kit provided teacher. One such experience is electroplating Sn from an aqueous chloride so...

Background: Opioid abuse is common in Iran. In recent years, methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) has gained popularity in this country. This study aimed at evaluation concurrent abuse of alcohol in patients under MMT. Methods: A predesigned questionnaire was developed and completed after obtaining verbal consent among 49 subjects under MMT in Kian Rehabilitation Centre during January 2014. Resu...