in recent years, in order to reducing die design and manufacturing costs, multi point forming technique has gained an increasing interest because of its high flexibility. in this process, the conventional fixed shape solid die sets are replaced with a pair of opposite matrices of controllable elements. in this paper, the fundamental principles of multi-point forming was described and the possib...

A survey of 27 galactic star-forming regions in the 6K−5K , 5K − 4K , and 8K − 7K CH3CN lines at 110, 92, and 147 GHz, respectively, was made. Twenty-five sources were detected at 110 GHz, nineteen at 92 GHz, and three at 147 GHz. The strongest CH3CN emission arise in hot cores in the regions of massive star formation. CH3CN abundance in these objects is larger than 10 due to grain mantle evapo...

The massive star-forming core MM1 of W75N was observed using the Submillimeter Array with ∼1′′ and 2′′ spatial resolutions at 217 and 347 GHz, respectively. From the 217 GHz continuum we found that the MM1 core consists of two sources, separated by about 1′′: MM1a (∼0.6M ) and MM1b (∼1.4M ), located near the radio continuum sources VLA 2/VLA 3 and VLA 1, respectively. Within MM1b, two gas clump...

Although the existence of large-scale hot gaseous halos around massive disk galaxies have been theorized for a long time, there is yet very little observational evidence. We report the Chandra and XMM-Newton grating spectral detection of O VII and Ne IX Kα absorption lines along the sight-line of 4U 1957+11. The line absorption is consistent with the interstellar medium in origin. Attributing t...

Context. Methanol masers at 6.7 GHz have been found exclusively towards high-mass star forming regions. Recently, some Class 0 protostars have been found to display conditions similar to what are found in hot cores that are associated with massive star formation. These hot corino sources have densities, gas temperatures, and methanol abundances that are adequate for exciting strong 6.7 GHz mase...

I review the properties of the interstellar medium in the Magellanic Clouds and Local Group dwarf galaxies. The more massive, star-forming galaxies show a complex, multi-phase ISM full of shells and holes ranging from very cold phases (a few 10 K) to extremely hot gas (> 10 K). In environments with high UV radiation fields the formation of molecular gas is suppressed, while in dwarfs with low U...