It is known that binding free energy of protein-protein interaction is mainly contributed by hot spot (high energy) interface residues. Here, we investigate the characteristics of hot spots by examining inter-atomic sidechain-sidechain interactions using a dataset of 296 alanine-mutated interface residues. Results show that hot spots participate in strong and energetically favorable sidechain-s...

The thickness effect is the phenomenon that the fatigue strength of a welded connection decreases when the thickness of load carrying plate increases. The thickness effect is observed in details where the fatigue crack initiation takes place at the weld toe. The hot spot stress approach is a fatigue design approach based on the structural stress obtained from Finite element Analysis (FEA) resul...

one of the most important advantages of particle simulation as compared to fluid simulation is the capacity for working with and tracing particles. in particle simulations, the test particle method is usually used to get some idea of the behavior of plasma or other substances. in this method, first, a small number of particles are injected into the frame of static electromagnetic fields. then, ...

Power transformers represent the largest portion of capital investment in transmission and distribution substations. In addition, power transformer outages have a considerable economic impact on the operation of an electrical network. One of the most important parameters’ governing a transformer’s life expectancy is the hot-spot temperature value. Due to under estimation of stray losses in powe...

The fully three dimensional governing equations in the electron magnetohydrodynamic (EMHD) regime for a plasma with inhomogeneous density is obtained. These equations in the two dimensional ( 2-D) limit can be cast in terms of the evolution of two coupled scalar fields. The nonlinear simulations for the two dimensional case are carried out to understand the propagation of EMHD magnetic structur...

Background: In intracavitary brachytherapy for gynecological cancers, various techniques are used to locate the anterior rectal wall nearest to the sources but there is no consensus on the best method to do so. This study aimed to compare a technique used routinely in some centers that employs a wire marker to locate the position of the maximum rectal dose point, versus the method recommended b...

For decades, classical crossover studies and linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis of genomic regions suggested that human meiotic crossovers may not be randomly distributed along chromosomes but are focused instead in "hot spots." Recent sperm typing studies provided data at very high resolution and accuracy that defined the physical limits of a number of hot spots. The data were also used to t...

Meiotic recombination, crucial for proper chromosome segregation and genome evolution, is initiated by programmed DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in yeasts and likely all sexually reproducing species. In fission yeast, DSBs occur up to hundreds of times more frequently at special sites, called hot spots, than in other regions of the genome. What distinguishes hot spots from cold regions is an u...

We present a technique for creating a longitude-resolved image of Jupiter’s thermal radio emission. The technique has been applied to VLA data taken on 25 January 1996 at a wavelength of 2 cm. A comparison with infrared data shows a good correlation between radio hot spots and the 5 μm hot spots seen on IRTF images. The brightest spot on the radio image is most likely the hot spot through which...

Bone scintigraphy is widely used to detect bone metastasis owing to its high sensitivity, but solitary focus of increased uptake often causes diagnostic problem because of its low specificity. The purpose of this study was to assess the significance of solitary hot spot detected in patients with extraskeletal malignancies. We reviewed 1,167 consecutive bone scintigraphies of patients with histo...