Recent decennial censuses and the American Community Survey (ACS) collect data that permit construction of average hourly wage rates. However, reports concerning usual hours worked during the past year contain errors that create incredible implied wages for part-time workers.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Emergency department (ED) crowding occurs when demands for ED care exceed the supply of available resources. Prior studies have shown that ED crowding is associated with a delay in provision of critical ED services, but the impact of ED crowding on acute stroke care has not been extensively studied. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study of patients who presented to...

Neonatal mortality rate in India is high and stagnant. Special Care Newborn Units (SCNUs) are being set up to provide quality level II newborn care services in district hospitals of several districts to meet this challenge. The units are located in some of the remotest districts where the burden of neonatal deaths and accessibility to special care is a concern. A recently concluded evaluation...

Poor outdoor air quality increases pollutants indoors. Indoor and adversely affect human health, especially in children, who are particularly vulnerable. In this study, indoor BC (Black Carbon) PM 2.5 were measured an elementary school classroom located urban city South Korea. concentrations (BC ) monitored for 7 days (140 hours) during the winter of December 2021. addition, schedule was survey...

A wide range of events in buildings occur at sub-hourly frequencies. Notable examples include daylight-sensing control and manual adjustment of blinds and lights in response to sub-hourly illuminance variations. Such short-term changes can produce notable shifts in instantaneous solar and equipment loads, in turn affecting electrical energy demand. Although sub-hourly time discretization is cur...

Fringe benefits compensation offered by employers has grown rapidly over the past 50 years. Research in this area has been primarily limited to hourly and salaried employees. This study examines employer-based fringe benefits compensation of real estate agents and brokers. A model is developed that jointly estimates the income, hours worked, and fringe benefits compensation. The findings indica...

While a stated goal of minimum wage increases is to benefit low-income workers, some employers are not obligated to provide at least minimum wages to all employees. U.S. farm employers comprise one of these groups. Employees of large farms and H2-A workers (temporary nonimmigrant workers lawfully admitted to perform temporary or seasonal agricultural services) are protected by minimum wage legi...

BACKGROUND Although burnout is viewed as a syndrome rooted in the working environment and organizational culture, the role of the learning environment in the development of resident burnout remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the association between burnout and the learning environment in a cohort of Belgian residents. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional online survey among residents in ...

The discussion about the long-run evolution of labor productivity in Switzerland is awed because the available data on the input of labor is incoherent and incomplete. It is the aim of this paper to establish a consistent aggregate series of total hours worked covering 195

Child Care Assistance: Are Subsidies or Tax Credits Better? We evaluate price subsidies and tax credits for child care. We focus on partnered women’s labor supply, household income and welfare, demand for formal and informal child care and government expenditure. Using Australian data, we estimate a joint, discrete structural model of labor supply and child care demand. We introduce two methodo...