A key component in the body's stress response, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis orchestrates changes across a broad range of major biological systems. Its dysfunction has been associated with numerous chronic diseases including Gulf War Illness (GWI) and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Though tightly coupled with other components of endocrine and immune function, few models of HPA ...

Premature activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis manifests as gonadotropin-dependent precocious puberty. The mechanisms behind HPG activation are complex and a clear etiology for early activation is often not elucidated. Though collectively uncommon, the neoplastic and developmental causes of gonadotropin-dependent precocious puberty are very important to consider, as a del...

We measure the magnetic-field dependence of the c-axis resistivity, ρc(H), in a series of Bi2Sr2−xLaxCuO6+δ (BSLCO) single crystals for a wide range of doping using pulsed magnetic fields up to 58 T. The behavior of ρc(H) is examined in light of the recent determination of the upper critical field Hc2 for this material using Nernst effect measurements. We find that the peak in ρc(H) shows up at...

RDG/ The Fish Short-Term Reproductive Assay described in the Integrated Summary Report (ISR) and supported by ample supporting materials is overall an excellent approach for Tier 1 screening for chemicals that might perturb the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. The rationale for the design of the 21 day test, the endpoints selected, and approaches for analyzing data clearly have been c...

The gonadotropins, luteinizing hormone (lutropin, LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (follitropin, FSH) through their ability to regulate the synthesis of the sex steroids (androgens and estrogens), are indispensable for proper gonadal development and function(1). The synthesis and secretion of gonadotropins are regulated by the hormones produced by the pituitary itself (such as follistatin a...

   High strength and elastic biodegradable membranes are of great demand in modern technology. Similar membranes have been developed by irradiating different weight poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) – hydroxypropyl guar gum (HPG) blends and followed by combining with ex situ nanosilica. Polarized light microscopic (PLM) study indicates that electron beam irradiation produced crosslinks and develop...

To avoid breeding during unsuitable environmental or physiological circumstances, the reproductive axis adjusts its output in response to fluctuating internal and external conditions. The ability of the reproductive system to alter its activity appropriately in response to these cues has been well established. However, the means by which reproductively relevant cues are interpreted, integrated ...

BACKGROUND Abundant evidence indicates that chicken reproduction is strictly regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad (HPG) axis, and the genes included in the HPG axis have been studied extensively. However, the question remains as to whether any other genes outside of the HPG system are involved in regulating chicken reproduction. The present study was aimed to identify, on a genome-wide...

OBJECTIVES Testosterone (T), the primary androgenic hormone in males, is stimulated through pulsatile secretion of LH and regulated through negative feedback inhibition at the hypothalamus and pituitary. The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis also controls sperm production through the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Negative feedback in the HPG axis is achieved in part t...