Northern corn leaf blight, caused by the fungal pathogen Setosphaeria turcica (anamorph Exserohilum turcicum), is one of most devastating foliar diseases maize (Zea mays). Four genes Ht1, Ht2, Ht3 and Htn1 represent major sources genetic resistance against hemibiotrophic fungus S. turcica. Differential lines containing these also form basis to classify races. Here, we show that Ht2 are identica...

Serotonin (5-HT) is involved in the fine adjustments at several brain centers including the core of the mammal circadian timing system (CTS) and the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). The SCN receives massive serotonergic projections from the midbrain raphe nuclei, whose inputs are described in rats as ramifying at its ventral portion overlapping the retinohypothalamic and geniculohypo...

BACKGROUND The multixenobiotic resistance system (MXR) allows aquatic organisms to cope with their habitat despite high pollution levels by over-expressing membrane and intracellular transporters, including the P-glycoprotein (Pgp). In mammals transcription of the ABCB1 gene encoding Pgp is under cAMP/PKA-mediated regulation; whether this is true in mollusks is not fully clarified. METHODOLOG...

OBJECTIVE Excitatory amino acids, gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA), serotonin and catecholamines are involved in the control of GH secretion. The actions of these neurotransmitters are interconnected, and recently we showed that the stimulatory effect of GABA was blocked by MK-801, an antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. The present experiments were carried out to analyze the interrelat...

Activation of receptors by serotonin (5-HT1) and norepinephrine (α2) on primary afferent terminals and excitatory interneurons reduces transmission in spinal sensory pathways. Loss or reduction of descending sources of serotonin and norepinephrine after spinal cord injury (SCI) and the subsequent reduction of 5-HT1/α2 receptor activity contributes, in part, to the emergence of excessive motoneu...

The aims of this study were to determine (i) the effects of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, 10μg) on mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and mesenteric (MR), renal (RR) and hindquarter (HQR) vascular resistances of conscious rats, (ii) the central 5-HT receptor subtype which mediates these effects, and (iii) the role of nitric oxide (NO)...

The management of tyrosinaemia type 1 (HT1, fumarylacetoacetase deficiency) has been revolutionised by the introduction of nitisinone but dietary treatment remains essential and the management is not easy. In this review detailed recommendations for the management are made based on expert opinion, published case reports and investigational studies as the evidence base is limited and there are n...

Purpose: Serotonin is a well-known neurotransmitter and vasoactive substance. Recent research indicates that serotonin contributes to liver regeneration and promotes tumor growth of human hepatocellular cancer. The aim of this study is to investigate the expression of serotonin receptors in hepatocellular cancer and analyze their potential as a cytotoxic target. Experimental Design: Using a tis...

Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is a neuromodulator that is involved in a number of mood disorders such as depression, anxiety, and impulsive violence. In an attempt to dissect the contribution of individual 5-HT receptor subtypes to behavior, the authors have generated, by homologous recombination, mutant mice lacking the 5HT1B receptor. These mice did not exhibit any obvious development...

Fourteen subtypes of the serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) receptor have been delineated, and these subtypes are assigned to seven 5-HT receptor subfamilies (5-HT1-7). Among the 5-HT receptor subfamilies, the 5-HT type 3 (5-HT3) receptor is the only ionotropic receptor. Previous studies have reported abundant expression of the 5-HT3 receptor in the hippocampus, and the involvement in the mo...