The biggest challenges faced in big cities are greenhouse gas emission and growing energy needs. Efficient utilization of existing infrastructures has a prominent role in response to the challenges. Energy hub approach embraces performance of different energy networks. Energy hub is defined as a super node in electrical system receiving distinctive energy carriers such as gas and electricity in...

In this paper, a comprehensive model for hub location-routing problem is proposed which no network structure other than connectivity is imposed on backbone (i.e. network between hub nodes) and tributary networks (i.e. networks which connect non-hub nodes to hub nodes). This model is applied in public transportation, telecommunication and banking networks. In this model locating and routing is c...

Through observations from real life hub networks, we introduce the multimodal hub location and hub network design problem. We approach the hub location problem from a network design perspective. In hub network design problem, we jointly consider transportation costs and travel times, which are studied separately in most hub location problems presented in the literature. We allow different trans...

It has been claimed that proteins with more interacting partners (hubs) are structurally more disordered and have a slow evolutionary rate. Here, in this paper we analyzed the evolutionary rate and structural disorderness of human hub and non-hub proteins present/absent in protein complexes. We observed that both non-hub and hub proteins present in protein complexes, are characterized by high s...

centralizing and using proper transportation facilities cut down costs and traffic. hub facilities concentrate on flows to cause economic advantage of scale and multimodal transportation helps use the advantage of another transporter. a distinctive feature of this paper is proposing a new mathematical formulation for a three-stage p-hub location routing problem with simultaneous pick-ups and de...

In this paper, we describe the BBN Byblos system used for the 1997 DARPA Hub-4 Broadcast News evaluation and discuss numerous improvements made to the system in 1997. We focused our e ort entirely upon the two conditions containing studio-quality uncorrupted speech from native speakers, the so-called F0 (prepared speech) and F1 (spontaneous speech) conditions. In particular, we did not bother t...

For a finite connected graph let be the spectral radius of its universal cover. We prove that for any graph of average degree and derive from it the following generalization of the Alon Boppana bound. If the average degree of the graph after deleting any radius ball is at least , then its second largest eigenvalue in absolute value is at least for some absolute constant . This result is tight i...

The main theorem states that if K is a finite CW-complex with finite fundamental group G and universal cover homotopy equivalent to a product of spheres X, then G acts smoothly and freely on X×Sn for any n greater than or equal to the dimension of X. If the G-action on the universal cover of K is homologically trivial, then so is the action on X × Sn. Ünlü and Yalçın recently showed that any fi...

this paper presents the fatigue life behavior of hub using random vibration based on road roughness. the main objectives of this study are to predict the fatigue life and to identify the critical location for evaluating fatigue damage. asphalt road surface profiles obtained in favorable circumstances by topography cameras and in according road classification iso 2631-1estimate road roughness su...