Opioids are powerful analgesics when used to treat acute pain and some forms of chronic pain. A large body of literature has shown that opioids can, in addition, also prevent (this review) or induce and perhaps reverse, some forms central sensitisation in in vitro and in vivo animal models of pain. However, the concept of central sensitisation is, at present, ambiguous and the usefulness of opi...

Chromium is present in the environment in several different forms. The most common forms are chromium(0), chromium(III) (or trivalent chromium) and chromium(VI) (or hexavalent chromium). Chromium(III) occurs naturally in the environment and is an essential nutrient that helps the human body utilize sugar, protein and fat. Chromium(VI) and chromium(0) are generally produced by industrial process...

paragangliomas in the head and neck are found typically in the region of the carotid body, jugular body, and along the 9th and 10th cranial nerves. they can occur in multicenteric forms, but generally, laryngeal paragangliomas are not found in these patients. only two cases of laryngeal paraganglioma have been reported with a synchronous lesion elsewhere. we report an additional case of a 34-ye...

Objective(s) Plasma leptin exists in protein-bound and free forms, which may affect its hormonal bioactivity. The free and bound forms are changed by the body weight. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of metformin on bound and free plasma leptin concentration. Materials and Methods Subjects recruited from Yazd Diabetes Research Centre, Yazd University of Medical Sciences. ...

Introduction Exploitation and Monopoly of Cloned DNA Sequences Anticipated Benefits of Transgenesis Reservations Concerning Transgenesis Defense of Human Germ Line Intervention Autonomy and Patent Claims Against Parents and Children Distributive Justice and Patent Claims on Extracorporeal Compounds Product Patents on Human DNA Sequences Isolation-Purification Rationale for DNA Product Patents U...

Background The increase in body weight is a serious global public health problem, with high risk of associated diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and some forms of cancer. The option for foods with high energy value but poor in micronutrients increases the nutritional status and contributes to the deficiency of important minerals in human health. The use of mineral...

An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a graphical record of bioelectrical signal generated by the human body during cardiac cycle (Goldschlager, 1989). ECG graphically gives useful information that relates to the heart functioning (Dubis, 1976) by means of a base line and waves representing the heart voltage changes during a period of time, usually a short period (Cuesta, 2001). Putting leads on specif...