OBJECTIVE Higher intakes of red and processed meat are associated with poorer health outcomes and negative environmental impacts. Drawing upon a population survey the present paper investigates meat consumption behaviours, exploring perceived impacts for human health, animal welfare and the environment. DESIGN Structured self-completion postal survey relating to red and processed meat, captur...

In Japan and developed countries, it has become aged society, and wide variety welfare device or system have been developed. But these evaluation methods of welfare device or system are limited only stability, intensity and partial operability. Because of, it is not clear to determine the standard to evaluation for welfare device or system of usefulness. Therefore, we will attempt to establish ...

Pending changes in European legislation ban the use of wild-caught animals in research. This change is partly justified on the assumption that captive-breeding (or hand-rearing) increases welfare of captive animals because these practices result in animals with reduced fear of humans. However, there are few actual data on the long-term behavioural effects of captive-breeding in non-domestic spe...

Food safety, protection of the environment and animal welfare are three concerns consumers have about modern food production systems. Standards dealing with these three issues can be in conflict, and finding ways to reduce this conflict is essential as international standards governing animal welfare develop. These conflicts can be reduced if flexible animal welfare standards are animal-based a...

Universal frameworks for zoo animal welfare have been suggested. However, there is little evidence of a cross-cultural understanding welfare. This paper reports themes emerging from qualitative study international (European and Chinese) professionals on issues. Structured telephone interviews were conducted with eight Chinese European staff, covering aspects zoological welfare, conservation hus...

This article recounts the intellectual history of the UNDP’s Human Development Index. It begins with the early history of welfare economics and follows this field through three successive revolutions in thought culminating in the theory of human development. The first section traces this history from the origins of economic “utility” theory to Sen’s human capabilities approach. The second secti...

objectives: each year, the united nations publishes an annual report titled by “human development report” for all countries around the world which in which the complex index for human development for achieving health life alongside education and economic welfare is examined. the innate ambiguity in estimation of human development index has brought about numerous criticism against the method of ...

Gutenberg’s printing press was the great revolution in Renaissance information technology. Economists have struggled to identify its impact in data on productivity, output, or wages. This paper documents the welfare impact of the technology by exploiting data on the price and consumption of books in England between the late 1400s and 1700. I find that the welfare impact of the printed book was ...

In British Columbia (BC), the Ministry of Human Resources issues welfare cheques to eligible recipients monthly on the last Wednesday of each month. Previous studies have indicated that there are significant increases in hospital admission, ED admission, 911 calls and deaths shortly after the distribution of the monthly welfare cheques. The objective of this analysis was to rigorously examine t...

a basic subject in economy is change in growth of population and it’s link to ‎other variables. if growth in population is consistent with other economic ‎circumstances, it would lead to economic growth, otherwise it would be ‎problematic. by using okun's law and population structures, this paper is ‎analysis the case for iran for 1974-2010. predictions are related to 2025 ‎horizon. the re...