If the conformal invariance of electromagnetism is broken during inflation, then primordial magnetic fields may be produced. If this symmetry breaking is generated by the coupling between electromagnetism and a scalar field—e.g. the inflaton, curvaton, or Ricci scalar—then these magnetic fields may be correlated with primordial density perturbations, opening a new window to the study of nonGaus...

Bi-tooth flux-switching permanent magnet (FSPM) machine is an interesting brushless machine having magnets and excitation windings in the stator, which exhibits larger back EMF and requires only half the number and volume of PMs compared to conventional FSPM machine. However, air gap magnetic field is difficult to be regulated due to PM excitation alone. In this paper, by introducing an additio...

Recently, many researchers in the field of automatic content-based image retrieval have devoted a remarkable amount of research looking formethods to retrieve the best relevant images to the query image.This paper presents a novel algorithm for increasing the precision in content-based image retrieval based on electromagnetism optimization technique.The electromagnetism optimization is a nature...