This paper addresses the Vehicle Routing Problem with Delivery Time Cost. This problem aims to find a set of routes of minimal total costs including the travelling cost and delivery time cost, starting and ending at the depot, in such a way that each customer is visited by one vehicle given the capacity of the vehicle to satisfy a specific demand. In this research, a hybrid metaheuristic approa...

In this paper, a new Genetic Algorithm (GA) based methodology is proposed to optimize the Degree of Hybridization (DOH) in a passenger parallel hybrid car. At first step, target parameters for the vehicle are decided and then using ADvanced VehIcle SimulatOR (ADVISOR) software, the variation pattern of these target parameters, across the different DOHs, is extracted. At the next step, a suitabl...

Dynamic behavior analysis of electric motors is required in order to accurately evaluate the performance, energy consumption and pollution level of hybrid electric vehicles. Simulation tools for hybrid electric vehicles are divided into steady state and dynamic models. Tools with steady-state models are useful for system-level analysis whereas tools that utilize dynamic models give in-depth inf...

More and more hybrid electric vehicles are driven since they offer such advantages as energy savings and better active safety performance. Hybrid vehicles have two or more power driving systems and frequently switch working condition, so controlling stability is very important. In this work, a two-stage Kalman algorithm method is used to fuse data in hybrid vehicle stability testing. First, the...

New electrified vehicle concepts are about to enter the market in Europe. The expected gains in environmental performance for these new vehicle types are associated with higher technology costs. In parallel, the fuel efficiency of internal combustion engine vehicles and hybrids is continuously improved, which in turn advances their environmental performance but also leads to additional technolo...

The paper presents the analysis of two basic control strategies, the series thermostat control strategy and the series power follower control strategy, used for series hybrid electric vehicles. One of these control strategies, the series thermostat control strategy, is programmed and installed in an electronic control unit to manage the power flow of a two-seat series hybrid electric vehicle de...

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) have demonstrated the potential to significantly increase fuel economy. However, the overall efficiency of the powertrain system of any Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) depends on the vehicle-level control strategy. To optimize the energy flow, a global optimization algorithm, based on the Bellman principle, was used to generate the most efficient operating...

For the sake of high-efficiency energy recycling and brake security for series-parallel hybrid electric vehicle, an integrated brake system with an electric consuming brake subsystem and advanced strategy is proposed. The specific structure of electric consuming brake subsystem is introduced. The brake processes in different brake conditions are analyzed. A brake control strategy relying on the...

One of the best ways for achievement of conventional vehicle changing to hybrid case is trustworthy simulation result and using of driving realities. For this object, in this paper, at first sevendegree-of-freedom dynamical model of vehicle will be shown. Then by using of statically model of engine, gear box, clutch, differential, electrical machine and battery, the hybrid automobile modeling w...