Long-term hydraulic acclimation to resource availability was explored in 3-year-old Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. clones by examining transpiration, leaf-specific hydraulic conductance (G(L)), canopy stomatal conductance (G(S)) and leaf to sapwood area ratio (A(L):A(S)) in response to irrigation (13 and 551 mm year(-1) in addition to ambient precipitation) and fertilization (0 and 120 kg N...

[1] A new technology, hydraulic/partitioning tracer tomography (HPTT), is proposed to survey spatial distributions of hydraulic properties and dense nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) in the subsurface. HPTT is nothing more than a set of multiple hydraulic/ partitioning tracer tests and synthesis of all the tests to map the spatial distributions. It involves injection of water at one borehole in...

Climate warming will increase the drought exposure of many forests world-wide. It is not well understood how trees adapt their hydraulic architecture to a long-term decrease in water availability. We examined 23 traits characterizing the hydraulic architecture and growth rate of branches and the dependent foliage of mature European beech (Fagus sylvatica) trees along a precipitation gradient (8...

The use of artificial neural networks has increased in many areas of engineering. In particular, this method has been applied to many geotechnical engineering problems and demonstrated some degree of success. A review of the literature reveals that it has been used successfully in modeling soil behavior, site characterization, earth retaining structures, settlement of structures, slope stabilit...

When estimating hydraulic transmissivity the question of parameterization is of great importance. The transmissivity is assumed to be a piecewise constant space dependent function and the unknowns are both the transmissivity values and the zonation, the partition of the domain whose parts correspond to the zones where the transmissivity is constant. Refinement and coarsening indicators, which a...

The objective of the research was to provide a better understanding of the influence of hydraulic conductivity on the exit gradient for a rectangular block representing a root zone. A critical area of concern to design engineers is the exit gradient at the toe of the levee and other sensitive areas. If the exit gradient becomes too large, water flows too fast, thus creating the potential for pi...

A large-scale, natural-gradient tracer test in a heterogeneous aquifer at a site near Columbus, Miss. is simulated using three-dimensional (3D) hydraulic conductivity distributions derived from the borehole flowmeter test data. The simulated plume is more sensitive to the way the hydraulic conductivity field is interpolated from the measured data than it is to the dispersivity value. The transp...

Sediment erosion not only reduces efficiency and life of hydropower turbines but also causes problems in operation and maintenance. Several factors are responsible for this erosion in hydro turbine components. This paper presents the sediment erosion types in hydraulic turbines and their components based upon an extensive literature review and the field observation at Cahua hydropower plant, Pe...

This research describes the goals, design and implementation of a quasi natural gradient, laboratory scale, sand tank (aquifer) model experiment. The model was used to study the transport of an inorganic tracer (Chloride) in groundwater, within a tropical aquifer (porous medium) material. Three-dimensional sand tank (1.8 m × 0.3 m × 0.8 m) experiments were conducted to investigate contaminant t...