Lignocellulosic feedstocks are often prepared for ethanol fermentation by treatment with a dilute mineral acid catalyst that hydrolyzes the hemicellulose and possibly cellulose into soluble carbohydrates. The acid-catalyzed reaction scheme is sequential, whereby the released monosaccharides are further degraded to furans and other chemicals that are inhibitory to the subsequent fermentation ste...

Photocatalysis has been widely known as a simple green technology to be applied in the synthesis and degradation process of organic molecules. An application photocatalysis biomass pretreatment for 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) production was investigated this study. The results have revealed that photocatalysis, during pretreatment, facilitates breakdown cellulose. presence oxidizing agent (...

Concerns over the potential adulteration of commercially produced foods give rise to a requirement for simple and fast analytical method capable quantifying adulterants. This work demonstrates HPLC tailored detect major organic acids furans within ingredients in commercial food products, example, pomegranate molasses, balsamic vinegar, apple cider vinegar. The relative importance this is its si...

BACKGROUND Pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass generates a number of undesired degradation products that can inhibit microbial metabolism. Two of these compounds, the furan aldehydes 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and 2-furaldehyde (furfural), have been shown to be an impediment for viable ethanol production. In the present study, HMF and furfural were pulse-added during either the glucose o...

Ab initio molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were employed to elucidate xylose and glucose degradation pathways. In the case of xylose, a 2,5-anhydride intermediate was observed leading to the formation of furfural through elimination of water. This pathway agrees with one of the mechanisms proposed in the literature in that no open chain intermediates were found. In the case of glucose, a ser...

The formation of acrylamide, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and furfural was investigated in a deep fried breadcrumb coat model resembling the coat batter of breaded foods. The influence of the composition of the breadcrumb and the frying conditions on the formation of these contaminants was evaluated. Six wheat-based flour formulations of breadcrumbs were deep fried in sunflower oil at temperatur...

BACKGROUND Fructus Corni is derived from the dry ripe sarcocarp of Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc. 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (5-HMF) is an important active composition of the Fructus Corni. However, there have been no reports on the concentration of 5-HMF in freely moving rats using microdialysis coupled with HPLC. MATERIALS AND METHODS The concentration of 5-HMF in free-moving rats aft...