Hyperbolicity measures, in terms of (distance) metrics, how close a given graph is to being a tree. Due to its relevance in modeling real-world networks, hyperbolicity has seen intensive research over the last years. Unfortunately, the best known algorithms for computing the hyperbolicity number of a graph (the smaller, the more tree-like) have running time O(n), where n is the number of graph ...

.............................................................................................. I Acknowledgements ............................................................................ II ركشو ءادهآ .............................................................................................. IV List of Figures .................................................................................

Let S be a bipartite semigraph with |NXa(y)| ≥ 1 for every y ∈ Y . A vertex x ∈ X hyper dominates y ∈ Y if y ∈ Na(x) or y ∈ Na(NY a(x)). A subsetD ⊆ X is a hyper dominating set of S if every y ∈ Y is hyper dominated by a vertex ofD. A subsetD ⊆ X is called a minimal hyper dominating set of S if no proper subset of D is a hyper dominating set of S. The minimum cardinality of a minimal hyper domi...

an improved mit bag model with hyper central interactions is used to calculate the staticproperties of hadrons containing u, d, s and c quarks. we present a theoretical approach to the internalstructure of three-body hyper central interacting quarks in a hadron, in which we take hadron as a bag.we discuss a few of the results obtained using a six-dimension harmonic oscilator (h.o) potential, ha...

A ring satisfying x = x is necessarily commutative. We consider a variety of weaker forms of this condition and show that many but not all of them imply commutativity. We also present a variety of elementary proofs of the fact that x = x implies commutativity.

We introduce a new visualization method for temporal data, Spiral Theme Plot, by combining ThemeRiver method, spiral patterns, and scatter plot technique. Similar to ThemeRiver, data in different categories (themes) are visualized in different bands, but also in a spiral pattern. Themes are stacked along a spiral curve, which represent the time axis. Individual data points are plotted within th...

TTTTheme/UML is an existing approach to aspect-oriented modelling that supports the modularisation and composition of concerns, including crosscutting ones, in design. To date, its lack of integration with model-driven engineering (MDE) techniques has limited its benefits across the development lifecycle. Here, we describe our work on facilitating the use of Theme/UML as part of an MDE process....