Induction of mania is a common occurrence with antidepressant use. A case of antidepressant induced hypomania leading to antidepressant abuse is presented. The clinical implications of antidepressant abuse in bipolar disorder are discussed.

The use of visual mental imagery has been proposed to be a risk factor for the development of bipolar disorder, due to its potential to amplify affective states. This study examined the relation between visual imagery (both trait usage and intrusive experiences of such imagery), intrusive verbal thought, and hypomania, as assessed by self-report questionnaires, in a sample of young adults (N=21...

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established treatment for Parkinson’s disease (PD). The success of DBS is highly dependent on electrode location and electrical parameter settings. In this study patient-specific computer models of DBS were used for postoperative follow-up in three PD patients who suffered from stimulation induced hypomania, dysarthria, and uncontrollable laughter respectively...

The current concept of Bipolar Spectrum is still evolving and much more interest is focused on the definition of Hypomania (BP-II Disorder) and especially Cyclothymic Disorder. In order to get the entire diagnosable range of bipolar conditions, the clinical approach must go beyond “polarity” of episodes: family history, age of onset, time course (circularity), level of recurrence, type of cycli...

unipolar disorder by including manic states. No matter how many times a patient is depressed; only one manic/hypomanic episode is required to diagnose bipolar rather than unipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder is further characterized as type I or type II. Type I is diagnosed when at least one manic episode is identified. Usually recurrent depression also occurs, but in 5 to 10 percent of cases th...

Antidepressants can increase the spontaneous risk of hypomania or mania when used for treatment in affective disorders. When prescribed as an antidepressant, bupropion is generally considered to have a lower relative risk of inducing mood shifts. We describe the case of a 67-year-old man known for dysthymic disorder in remission on quetiapine and venlafaxine who experienced a first lifetime epi...

The aim of this report was to describe a case of hypomania after deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN DBS) in a Parkinson's disease (PD) patient. 59-year-old man with a 15-year history of PD underwent bilateral implantation of electrodes to the STN. Immediately after surgery, his motor function was markedly improved and his mood was elevated to hypomania. Fusion images of the ...

Aims and method The mean delay for bipolar disorder diagnosis is 10 years. Identification of patients with previous hypomania is challenging, sometimes resulting in misdiagnosis. The aims of this study were: (a) to estimate the proportion of primary care patients with depression currently taking antidepressants who have undiagnosed bipolar disorder and (b) to compare a brief 3-item manic featur...

The use of the term hypomania in this and other countries impressively follows the Humpty Dumpty principle. Indeed, in the UK many, perhaps a majority of, inpatients are diagnosed to be ‘hypomanic’, perhaps partly out of a sense of politeness. The term manic does, after all, have a pejorative flavour to some ears (pace Jamison, 1996). The original Greek sense of the word is that hypomania is hi...

The behavioral approach system (BAS) reflects the propensity to respond to signals of reward, including stimuli associated with safety and goal-oriented attack (e.g., anger). Hypomania/mania has been posited to involve increased BAS activity. In contrast, depression has been posited to involve decreased BAS activity. Building on past research, which suggests that increased left frontal cortical...