Ethnographic and qualitative research have documented strategic behavior among low-income parents in response to child support and welfare policy, including the acceptance of ’under-the-table’ child support payments and noncooperation with child support authorities. In particular, low-income parents of children on welfare have an incentive to avoid the formal child support system, since most st...

Let n be an ordinal number, let L be an add-associative right complementable right zeroed unital distributive non empty double loop structure, and let m1, m2 be monomials of n, L. Note that m1 ∗m2 is monomial-like. Let n be an ordinal number, let L be an add-associative right complementable right zeroed distributive non empty double loop structure, and let c1, c2 be constant polynomials of n, L...

Viruses catch a wave cientists know from looking at fixed cells that viruses frequently associate with filopodia and microvilli. Using video microscopy, Lehmann et al. (page 317) find that after a virus attaches to the filopodial membrane, it surfs down the plasma membrane toward the cell body. Entry into the cell occurs only after the virus has reached the base of the filopodium. Retroviruses ...

Let F={P1,...,Pm} be a family of sets. A partial order P(F, <) on F is naturally defined by the condition Pi< Pj iff Pi is contained in Pj. When the elements of F are disks (i.e. circles together with their interiors), P(F, <) is called a circle order; if the elements of F are n-polygons, P(F, <) is called an n-gon order. In this paper we study circle orders and n-gon orders. The crossing numbe...

Canonical orderings and their relatives such as st-numberings have been used as a key tool in algorithmic graph theory for the last decades. Recently, a unifying link behind all these orders has been shown that links them to well-known graph decompositions into parts that have a prescribed vertex-connectivity. Despite extensive interest in canonical orderings, no analogue of this unifying conce...