in many peoples’ minds, air pollution is associated with the contamination of urban air from automobile exhausts and industrial emissions. growing number of scientific evidence has indicated that in industrialized societies, air within buildings can be more seriously polluted than the outdoor air. in the last couple of decades, with the widespread availability of personal computers, mathematica...

this study aims at investigating the impacts of mandatory audit firm rotation (mafr) on audit fees and audit market compeition among firms listed on tehran stock exchange (tse). since 2007 firms listed on tse are not allowed to use services of any single audit firm for more than 4 consecutive years. we tested our hypotheses using multivariate regression analysis and mean comparison test. our sa...

Indoor air pollution has recently become a public concern in Taiwan. People recognize that indoor air quality (IAQ) may be more important than outdoor air quality because they spend over 80% of their time indoors. IAQ could affect health and comfort of building occupants. The objectives of this study are (1) to characterize the indoor concentrations of selected air pollutants at two hospitals i...

There are thousands of indoor ice rink arenas in the United States, Canada, and Europe. The combustion byproducts from the fuel powered ice resurfacing equipment impose a potential health risk to both athletes and spectators. A field survey of ten ice rink arenas in Greater Boston and Halifax, Nova Scotia indicates that the fuel type used by the resurfacer as well as the air exchange rate, the ...

Healthy building design is an emerging field of architecture and engineering. Indoor air quality (IAQ) inevitable factor that should be considered in healthy due to its demonstrated links with human health well-being. This paper proposes integrate IAQ prediction into by developing a simulation toolbox, termed i-IAQ, using MATLAB App Designer. Within the users can input information layout wall-o...

Abstract Background Indoor air quality (IAQ) is a concern in kindergartens as children spend much of their time there. Yet, there shortage biological indicators needed for assessing IAQ. Thus, this study evaluated IAQ using transplanted lichen Usnea misaminensis indicator. Methods Lichen samples, collected from Bukit Larut, Perak, Malaysia, were exposed to indoor and outdoor environments an urb...

Clinical Audit (CA) has been recognized as a useful tool for tool for improving service delivery, clinical governance, and the education and performance of the dental team. This study develops the discussion by investigating its use as an educational tool within UK Dental Foundation Training (DFT). The aim was to investigate the views of Foundation Dentists (FDs) and Training Programme Director...

Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) in libraries is influenced by the presence of specific factors which can impact on both paper storage as well as people health. Microclimatic conditions induce and support a biodiversity pattern involving environmental and anthropic microorganisms. We used a multidisciplinary monitoring model to characterize microflora biodiversity by Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). B...

Indoor environments are characterized by several pollutant sources. As people typically spend more than 90% of their time in indoor environments. Thus, indoor air quality (iAQ) is recognized as an important factor to be controlled for the occupants’ health and comfort. The majority of the monitoring systems presently available is very expensive and only allow to collect random samples. This wor...

The kindergarten’s indoor air contained a number of pollutants, including total volatile organic compounds, particulate matter, carbon monoxide and insufficient ventilation with high dioxide levels, which exceeded the quality (IAQ) guideline. presence these pollutants is caused by various factors inappropriate physical setting. Indisputably, authorities throughout countries provide guidelines f...