RATIONALE It was recently demonstrated that the priming stimulation effect (PSE) in the runway model of intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) can be used as a model system to study the motivational effects of drugs. However, the characteristics of this novel experimental model have not been fully clarified. OBJECTIVE To elucidate the involvement of dopamine uptake inhibition in motivated behav...

We report differential cross sections (DCSs) and integral cross sections (ICSs) for electron-impact vibrational-excitation of pyrimidine, at incident electron energies in the range 15-50 eV. The scattered electron angular range for the DCS measurements was 15°-90°. The measurements at the DCS-level are the first to be reported for vibrational-excitation in pyrimidine via electron impact, while ...

The use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) plays a key role in the treatment of asthmatic patients, and international guidelines have designated ICSs as an early maintenance therapy in controlling asthma symptoms. When asthmatic patients remain symptomatic on ICSs, one common option is to add a long-acting beta2 agonist (LABA) to the maintenance treatment. Fixed combination inhalers that contain...

Asthma is a complex disease of the respiratory tract associated with chronic inflammation in which an intricate network of cells and cellular factors plays a major role. Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases, with an estimated 300 million cases worldwide, imposing a considerable burden on society in morbidity, quality of life, and healthcare costs. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) for...

Industrial control systems (ICSs) for critical infrastructure are extensively utilized to provide the fundamental functions of society and frequently employed in infrastructure. Therefore, security these from cyberattacks is essential. Over years, several proposals have been made various types cyberattack detection systems, with each concept using a distinct set processes methodologies. However...

Synopsis These two studies, one from the Czech Republic (N = 150) and the other multinational (the International Carotid Stenting Study [ICSS]; N = 1,700), compared CEA with carotid artery stenting. The investigators used comparable methods (concealed allocation, only outcome assessors were blinded) and recruited adults with carotid stenosis. The Czech researchers evaluated patients with at lea...

Deep Learning is emerging as an effective technique to detect sophisticated cyber-attacks targeting Industrial Control Systems (ICSs). The conventional approach detection in literature learn the "normal" behaviour of system, be then able label noteworthy deviations from it anomalies. However, during operations, ICSs inevitably and continuously evolve their behaviour, due e.g., replacement devic...

There have been concerns that systemic corticosteroid use is associated with pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) and diabetes mellitus. However, the relationship between inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) and the risk of PIH has not been fully examined, and there was no study investigating the association between ICS use and the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The aims of the s...

The present study identified three patients with bronchiectasis receiving inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) who had symptomatic adrenal suppression secondary to ICS. The prevalence of adrenal suppression is unknown in bronchiectasis. The frequency of adrenal suppression and the impact of ICS use in bronchiectasis patients were examined. In total, 50 outpatients (33 receiving ICSs) underwent a shor...

The survey compared the scores of 159 (118 females) randomly selected Brunei and Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region) student teachers on the New General Self-efficacy Scale (NGSS); Self-efficacy in Implementing Inclusive Practices Scale (SIIPS); Sentiments, Attitudes and Concerns about Inclusive Education Scale (SACIES); and Inclusive Classroom Setting Scale (ICSS). The scales were reliab...