An important predictor of historical sound change, functional load, fails to capture insights from speech perception. Building on ideal observer models of word recognition, we devise a new definition of functional load that incorporates both a priori expectedness and perceptual information. We explore this new measure with a simple model and find that it outperforms tra-

An approach based on relative optimal membership degree is proposed to deal with multiple attribute decisionmaking (MADM) problems under risk with weight information unknown and attribute value as linguistic variable. Firstly, the operational laws of linguistic variable are introduced, and risk linguistic decision matrix is transformed into certain linguistic decision matrix by expectation valu...

In this paper we introduce a new facility location model, called backup multifacility location problem by considering the ideal radius for each customer. In this problem the location of clients are given in the plane. A radius is assigned to each client. We should find the location of new facilities, which some of them may fail with a given probability, such that the sum of weighted distances f...

Interruption is occurred by partial participation of workflows with adding new activity to a worker. A concerned worker to the interrupted workflow must restructure task assignment to improve consumed operating time by interruption. An opportunity of decision making is occurred to the workers to select appropriate tasks. However, preassignment of tasks to workers includes an expectation of supe...

This paper deals with the formation control of a group of point masses subject to ideal Coulomb friction. We propose a discontinuous controller which provides a solution to the exact formation problem in the presence of ideal Coulomb friction.

Layered nanoscale amorphous solid films of methanol and ethanol undergo complete intermixing prior to the onset of measurable desorption at 120 K. This intermixing precedes and inhibits crystallization. Subsequent desorption of the film is described quantitatively by a kinetic model describing evaporation from a continuously mixed ideal binary liquid solution. This occurs at temperatures below ...

We propose a technique for obtaining solutions to ordinary differential equations. A system of differential equations sometimes has multiple solutions with distinct features. Prime ideal decomposition can be used for extracting the desired solution from these solutions. Solutions to algebraic equations contain many parameters, and in such a case, prime ideal decomposition is less tractable. As ...

the current study set to extend a new vikor method as a compromise ranking approach to solve multiple criteria decision-making (mcdm) problems through intuitionistic fuzzy analysis. using compromise method in mcdm problems contributes to the selection of an alternative as close as possible to the positive ideal solution and far away from the negative ideal solution, concurrently. using atanasso...