our ancestors without fear, worry and anxiety are not our ancestors, as organisms without defense systems were extinct. therefore, while behavior such as fear and anxiety are useful to prevent harm, the exaggerated form, that is, anxiety disorders, has more costs than benefits. likewise, while a panic attack is a normal and useful response in the face of life-threatening danger, a panic disorde...

A comparative ultrastructural study of photoreceptor synapses formed upon homologous postsynaptic neurones in insects has been made by using serial-section electron microscopy in representative Diptera from a monophyletic series of 14 families. At all of the synaptic contacts there is a presynaptic dense bar, surmounted in phylogenetically more recent families by a presynaptic platform. Opposit...

Purpose – Evolutionary theorizing has recently been added as a useful tool to the research repertoire of information systems investigators. However, the literature on evolutionary theorizing and related empirical research lacks a clear framework that explicitly shows how information systems researchers can go, step-by-step, from a generic model of the evolution of traits in our ancestral past t...

To understand evolutionary paths connecting diverse biological forms, we defined a three-dimensional genotypic space separating two flower color morphs of Antirrhinum. A hybrid zone between morphs showed a steep cline specifically at genes controlling flower color differences, indicating that these loci are under selection. Antirrhinum species with diverse floral phenotypes formed a U-shaped cl...

The problem of path planning deals with the computation of an optimal path of the robot, from source to destination, such that it does not collide with any obstacle on its path. In this paper we solve the problem of path planning separately in two hierarchies. The coarser hierarchy finds the path in a static environment consisting of the entire robotic map. The resolution of the map is reduced ...

Conventional robot path planning aims at nding a single best path for a robot to perform a task according to certain optimization criteria. However, as a robot operates in a real environment with uncertainties, it is often desirable and even necessary for the robot to know alternative feasible paths so that it can deal with unknowns or changes in both the environment and the task eeectively and...

Path planning algorithms for steerable needles in medical applications must guarantee the anatomical obstacle avoidance, reduce insertion length, and ensure compliance with needle kinematics. The majority of solutions from literature focus either on fast computation or path optimality, former at expense suboptimal paths, latter by making unbearable case a high-dimensional workspace. In this art...

Path relinking (PR) maintains a reference set of elite and diverse solutions, and generates new solutions between and beyond initiating and guiding solutions selected from this set as a foundation for an evolutionary solution process. However, in spite of the widespread application of path relinking in combinatorial optimization, almost all PR implementations only consider the between-form of P...

Type Ia supernovae are used as distance indicators to measure the expansion rate of Universe and constrain nature dark energy. Current upcoming surveys will allow extend supernova Hubble diagrams higher redshifts improve further their statistics. It is accepted that thermonuclear explosions carbon-oxygen white dwarfs in binary systems. However, identification progenitors, evolutionary path lead...